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Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is an increasingly common cause
of musculoskeletal disability as well as a major diagnostic and therapeutic
challenge. The natural history of this disease is important to understand
because the rate of femoral head collapse and treatment options are
related to multiple factors including the cause of the disease, its stage at
initial presentation, and the size and location of the lesion. The results of
new pharmacologic and biophysical treatments appear beneficial in
delaying, and possibly preventing, the progression of precollapse lesions.
New bone grafting strategies may enhance the results of core
decompression. Nonoperative treatments include protected
weightbearing, physical therapy and pharmacologic treatments. Operative
treatment includes core decompression with or without grafting,
osteotomy, hemiarthroplasty, hemiresurfacing, total resurfacing and total
hip arthroplasty.
Keywords: Osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis of the femoral head.