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Abstract
This work was conducted to investigate the possible effect of certain essential amino acids supplementation in feed on quail performance concerning growth parameters, immune response, carcass quality as well as some biochemical parameters of Japanese quail during the growing period.
This work was performed in three experiments;
The first exp: studied the effect of dietary supplementation of Lys and/or Arg quail chicks in which group 1 was fed basal diet without supplementation (control). Quail chicks of groups 2, 3 and 4 fed on the basal diet supplemented with Arg at 110, 120 and 130% of the NRC (1994) requirement respectively. While quail chicks of groups 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 were fed basal diet supplemented Lys/Arg at ratios of 110/100, 110/110, 110/120, 110/130, 120/100, 120/110, 120/120, 120/130, 130/100, 130/110, 130/120 and 130/130 % NRC 1994.
The second exp. studied the effect of dietary supplementation of Arg and/or Met, the quail chicks in which the group 1 were fed basal diet without supplementation (control). Quail chicks of groups 2 and 3 fed on the basal diet supplemented with Met at 120 and 140% of the NRC (1994) requirement respectively. While quail chicks of group 4, 5, 6, 7, 8and 9 were fed basal diet supplemented Arg / Met at rates of 120/100, 120/120, 120/140, 140/100 140/120 and 140/140% NRC (1994), respectively.
The third exp. studied the effects of dietary supplementation of Lys and/or Met on the quail chicks in which group 1 were fed basal diet without supplementation (control), Quail chicks of groups 2 and 3 fed on the basal diet supplemented with Met at 120 and 140% of the NRC (1994) requirement respectively. While quail chicks of group 4, 5, 6, 7, 8and 9 were fed basal diet supplemented Lys/ Met at 120/100 120/120, 120/140, 140/100 140/120 and 140/140% NRC (1994) respectively.
The obtained results can be summarized as follows:
I- During 1st experiment:-
1- Group 5 (Lys/Arg, 110/100) have a non-significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight development while group 9 (Lys/Arg, 120/100) and group 13 (Lys/Arg, 130/100) have a numerical increase in body weight when compared with those of the control group.
2- There was a numerical increase in body weight development in groups 2, 3 and 4 which fed diets supplemented with Lys/Arg, 100/110, 100/120 and 100/130 respectively and the increase was with increasing the level of arginine supplementation.
3- Increasing both Arg and Lys supplementation had no effect on growth rates as in groups 15 and 16 which fed diets supplemented with Lys/Arg, 130/120 and 130/130 respectively.
4- The final FCR was improved in the groups 3 and 4 which fed diets supplemented with Lys/Arg (100/120 and 100/130 respectively) and this means that FCR was decreased with increasing Arg supplementation in the quail diets.
5- There was an increase in phagocytic activity in all supplemented Lys and/or Arg except the groups 6, 11 and 16 which fed diet supplemented with Lys/Arg at 110/110, 120/120 and 130/130 respectively.
6- There was a non significant increase in HI titer in quail chicks of group 4 at 42nd day which fed the basal diet supplemented with Lys/Arg at 100/130.
7- There was an increase in serum total protein level in all supplemented Lys and /or Arg groups when compared with the control unsupplemented group.
8- There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum total cholesterol in the groups supplemented with higher levels of Lys with normal requirements of Arg (groups 5, 9 and 13) and the highest level of serum total cholesterol was in the group fed the highest level of Lys (group 13) .
9- There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum uric acid in quail chicks of group 16 when compared with the control group, and in the same time there is a non significant increase in the groups fed Lys levels at 120 or 130% NRC with or without Arg supplementation (groups 9-16).
10- There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in spleen % in quail chicks of group 4 which fed basal diet supplemented with Lys/ Arg at 100/130 when compared with the control and other supplemented groups.
11- There was a non significant increase in thigh % in quail of group 4 which fed the basal diet supplemented with highest level of Arg without Lys supplementation (Lys/Arg, 100/130) and group 13 which fed the basal diet supplemented with highest level of Lys without Arg supplementation (Lys/Arg, 130/100).
II – During 2nd experiment:-
1- The quail chicks of group 2 which fed a basal diet supplemented with Arg/Met at 100/120 (Met % in diet is 0.6%) had a significant increase in total body weight when compared with the control group while group 3 which fed the basal diet supplemented with the highest level of Met (Arg/Met, 100/140) (0.7% of the basal diet is Met) have a non significant decrease in body weight when compared with the control group.
2- There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in total body weight in group 4 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Arg/Met at 120/100 when compared with the control group, while the quail chicks of group 7 which fed the highest level of Arg at 140% NRC requirement (1.75% of the diet) without Met supplementation have a significant decrease in total body weight when compared with quail chicks of control group.
3- The final FCR was the best in quail chicks of group 5 (85.54% from the control) which fed the basal diet supplemented with Arg/Met at 120/120 followed by the quail chicks of group 2 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Arg/Met at 100/120 .
4- There was an increase in phagocytic activity in all supplemented Arg and/or Met groups when compared with the control group, but it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in group 3 which fed basal diet supplemented with highest level of Met when compared with the control group.
5- There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in HI titer in At 33rd day in groups 4 and 7 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Arg/Met at 120/100 and 140/100 (higher levels of Arg) .
6- There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in RBCs count in the quail chicks of the group supplemented with highest level of Met (group 3) when compared with the control and lower level of Met (group 2).
7- There was an increase in serum total protein level in all supplemented Arg and /or Met groups when compared with the control un-supplemented group.
8- The serum creatine level was significantly higher in quail chicks of groups supplemented with higher levels of Arg (groups 4 and 7), while there is a non significant decrease in serum creatine with highest level of Met alone in group 3.
9- There was a significant increase in serum uric acid in quail chicks of group 4 and 7 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Arg/Met at 120/100 and 140/100 respectively when compared with the control group.
10- The thymus % numerically increased with increasing Arg supplementation in groups 4 and 7 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Arg/met at 120/100 and 140/100 respectively.
11- The lowest fat % was observed in quail chicks of group 9 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Arg/Met at 140/140 followed by group 3 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Arg/Met 100/140.
12- There was no significant differences in breast % between supplemented groups and unsupplemented group although the highest breast % was observed in group 9 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Arg/Met at 140/140 followed by the quail chick of groups 3 and 7 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Arg/Met at 100/140 and 140/100 respectively.
III – During 3rd experiment:-
1. The quail chicks of group 2 which fed a basal diet supplemented with Lys/Met at 100/120 (Met % in diet is 0.6%) have a non significant increase in the final body weight when compared with the control group while group 3 which fed the basal diet supplemented with the highest level of Met (Arg/Met, 100/140); (0.7% of the basal diet is Met) have a non significant decrease in body weight when compared with the control group.
2. There is a non significant increase in body weight development in group 4 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Lys/Met at 120/100 when compared with the control group while the quail chicks of group 7 which fed the highest level of Lys at 140% NRC requirement without Met supplementation have a significant increase in final body weight when compared with quail chicks of control group.
3. The groups fed higher levels of Lys and Met (groups 6, 8 and 9) have a significant increase in lymphocyte count when compared with the control group.
4. there is a significant increase in HI titer of group 9 which fed the basal diet supplemented with highest levels of both Lys/Met at 140/140 and followed by groups 5 and 8 which fed diet supplemented with Lys/Met at 120/120 and 140/120 %.
5. There is a significant increase (p<0.05) in RBCs count in the quail chicks of the group supplemented with highest level of Met alone (in group 3) when compared with the control group, while the group supplemented with Met level at 120% have a non significant increase in RBCs count when compared with the control one.
6. showed that there is a non significant increase in cholesterol level in group 4 (Lys/Met, 120/100) and a significant increase in serum total cholesterol in groups 5, 6 and 7 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Lys/Met at 120/120, 120/140 and 140/100 respectively.
7. There is a significant increase in serum creatinine with the highest level of either Met (group3) or Lys (group 7) when compared with the control group.
8. There is an increase in spleen % weight with increasing only Met supplementation (groups 2 and 3), also there is a numerical increase in thymus % weight in group 3 which fed the basal diet with only Met at 140%.
9. There is a significant increase in bursa % weight in group 9 which fed the basal diet with highest level of both amino acids.
10. There is a non significant increase in thigh % in group 7 and 9 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Lys/Met at 140/100 and 140/140 respectively when compared with the control group.
11. There is a non significant increase in breast % in quail chicks of groups 4 and 7 which fed the basal diet supplemented with Lys/Met at 120/100 and 140/100 respectively (increase with increasing Lys supplementation only).