الفهرس 
Introduction And Aim Of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present work was designed to evaluate and introduce more
sensitive and specific biochemical markets suitable for detection of liver
fibrosis such as -GST, MDA, NO and MMP-2 and correlate the change
in these markers with the degree of liver fibrosis as detected in liver
biopsy in 75 children patients with different liver diseases divided into 34
Bilharziasis, 29 HCV and 12 HBV patients and compared to 30 liver
diseases free children served as control group. This study evaluated also
the protective and treatment effects of some natural antioxidants such as
Nigella sativa, Honey and Silymarin in experimental liver fibrogenesis
induced by CCl4 administration by assessing their effects on the
determined biochemical markers, comparing the change in these markers
with the changes in the liver functions and determine the histological
changes in liver cells.
To sum up, the similarity between the elevated levels of α-GST,
MDA and NO in children and animals groups proved that one of the
mechanisms involved in the process of liver fibrogenesis is the
development of oxidative stress. Therefore, these markers can be used
effectively for monitoring hepatocellular damage.
Determination of MMP-2 can be considered as a useful predictor
for monitoring chronic liver disease as its level was elevated in liver
fibrosis, thus, it can be used as a test for diagnosing liver fibrosis.
The present results match the role of Silymarin for protection and
treatment against liver fibrogenesis via the antioxidant activity due to its
high content of flavonoids, the toxic free radical scavenger property to
prevent lipid peroxidation, the antifibrotic property to reduce HSCs
Summary
137
activation, increase antioxidant defense system and improvement in liver
functions.
Owing to its antioxidant activity, Nigella Sativa can be used for
protection and treatment against liver fibrogenesis induced by CCl4 due to
the ability to decrease lipid peroxidation, increase the antioxidant
capacity and improve liver functions and general health.
It was appeared that Honey may be effectively used as a supportive
treatment in liver cell damage and as a protective natural antioxidant
against CCl4- induced fibrogenesis due to its high content of flavonoids
and its ability to scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidative stress.
When the protective effect of Silymarin, Nigella sativa and Honey
was studied and these groups were compared to each other, the results
proved that the protectiveness effect was higher in Silymarin followed by
Nigella sativa then Honey as evidenced by improvement in level of
serum biochemical markers and liver enzymes. While, when the treatment
effect of these antioxidant was studied and the groups of this experiment
were compared to each other, the results interestingly showed that Nigella
sativa proved to be more effective as a treatment agent than Silymarin as
evidenced by significant improvement in the level of liver ALT, Honey
has the least effective ability for treatment of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis.
In histological examination, the treatment of rats with Honey and
Silymarin after or along with CCl4 showed some improvement in
pathological changes in the form of diminution of fibrosis while treatment
of rats with Nigella sativa after or along with CCl4 showed more
improvement in pathological changes in the form of diminution of
fibrosis, vacular degeneration and fatty changes as compared to CCl4-
administered group.