الفهرس 
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Abstract
The leukocyte adherence inhibition (lAI) test since its early
introduction (and up till now) was applied to detect cell-mediated
immunoreactivity related to various types of human diseases specially
cancer. Our previous studies of human urinary bladder squamous cell
carcinoma has been conducted in this issue and expanded to other tumor
types as well as shistosomases.
Cancer pati ents were chosen at early stage of the di sease to get
the highest reactivity and usage of fetal calf serum (FCS) was avoided
because it causes nonspeci fic adherence inhi bi tf on of leukocytes.
Following incubation of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBl) from either
control subjects or carcinoma patients in serum-fr-ee medium, percentage
adherent cells was estimated and considered as control level of
adherence.
The toxicity of the tumor extracts (SqCC/UB, TreC/UB, AdnC/UBand
SqCC/CX) and other extracts (NorE/UB/B2 and Shaem/SEA/83) was exa.•
mined. The nontoxic concentrations (at which nonspec:ific reduction of
cell adherence was not observed) were determined and found to be of
250 ug/ml for all extracts but 25 ug/ml for Shaem/SElI/83 extract.
Although tumor extracts were prepared by one and the same method,
different tumor-antigen preparations varied vastly in their ability to
give specific adherence inhibition. All preparations consistently gave
a high tumor-specific LA! (20% decreased adherence or more). Only the
SqCC/UB2/82 fail ed to express such 1evel of adherence reducti on. USE!
of this extract was avoided.
Peri pheral blood 1eukocyte samples from SqCC/UBpati ents showed
speci fic LAl when reacted with SqCC/UBI/80, SqCC/L;el/82 and
SqCC/U83/82, while no reactivity was observed when reacted with
TCC/UBI/80, NorE/UBI/82, SqCC/CX1/82 or Shaem/SEA/83 extracts.
Peripheral blood leukocytes of other urinary bladder carcinoma
patients, cervical carcinoma or even s.haematobiWII patients showed the
same way of specificity of LAl in presence of their !oensitizing antigens.
Cross reactions between various types of uriOiiry bladder carcinomas
was found to be combletely absent, indicating tissue type specificity.
Such absence of cross-reactivity was al so demonstratedl
between urinary bladder and cervical squamous cell carcinomas. Thi s
indicated organ tissue type specificity. Shaem was also none crossreacti
ng with SqCC/U8 which reveal ed that S. haema~obiWII (as COfllTlOIl
infection in urinary bladder carcinoma) does not tnterf’ere ••i.th cel lular
immune reactions of SqCCpatients.
The SqCC/UB1/82 reactive antigen was purified by gel filtration
chromatography. The peack Creta t ned all the anti genic acti vi ty as
detected by the LAl technique at the same 250 ug/ml concentration as
the crude extract. Molecular weight of this active fraction was es ttmated
and found to be of 16,227 daltons.
Two versions of the LAl assay (haemocytometer and microplate)
were at the same level of sensitivity in detecttns C~lI in urinary
bladder carcinoma patients. The tube modification of the LAl test
failed to show reliable results when tests were performed using PBMC
of the same patients.
The difficulties in counting, visually, the adherent cells lead
to the introduction of colorimetric modifications of the micro-LAI
version. Establishment of what is refered to as the TPC/microcolorimeteric
LAI-assay was performed. Thi s assay showed rel iable results in
detecting specific adherence reduction of leukocytes.
The mechanisms involved in the LAI reaction were detected by the
established TPC/microcolorimetric modification of LAI assay. No
mediator of the lymphokin family could be detected. Mechanism was confi
rmed to be dependent on T cell s, B cell sand monocytes di rect
i nteracti on with the sens iti zi ng anti gen, and on monocyte dependence
on B lymphocyte arming. T lymphocytes, regardless that putative
mediators, are acti ve whempresent ina pure popul ati 011 •
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