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Abstract
Primary bone tumours of the spine are uncommon, accounting for between 4-13% of published series of primary bone tumours
Osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, and aneurysmal bone cyst are among the common benign tumours of the spine, while myeloma, chordoma, and are the common malignant tumours affecting the spine.
Primary bone tumours of the spine may present by pain, deformity and neurological deficit. In addition certain tumours, e.g. chondrosarcoma may present by a mass. Sacral chordomas may present by urinary and rectal symptoms secondary to compression of these structures.
The complete evaluation of these tumours necessitates assessment of local extent, the presence of distant metastases, and laboratory investigations.
The local extent of the tumours is assessed by the use of plain radiography, radionuclide imaging tomography, computed tomography, myelography, angiography and MRI.
The presence of pulmonary metastases can be appreciated by the use of plain chest radiography, tomography and computed tomography. Skeletal metastases are best assessed by bone scintigraphy.
The histological diagnosis is then addressed through the use of biopsy, which can be performed through either an open surgical approach or needle biopsy.