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Abstract
With increasing numbers of individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, there is a need not only for more mechanistic studies to completely understand insulin action but also to better design and provide therapies that meet the needs of the patients.
The present investigation aimed to assess some biochemical changes that occur in serum, blood and tissues of alloxan-induced diabetes after administration of one of anti-oxidant; lipoic acid, one of NSAIDs; meloxicam, and one of anti-allergic; fexofenadine. In addition, an attempt was made to clarify any correlation between the use of the tested drugs alone or combined with LA.
The experiment was carried out on 224 white male albino rats. These rats were subcutaneously injected with (120 mg/kg b.wt) alloxan to induce experimental diabetes. The diabetic rats were then divided into four groups; one remained without treatment as a diabetic group (D or group I). The second group was treated with lipoic acid (D+LA), the third group was subdivided into subgroup A that was treated with meloxicam (D+M), and subgroup B was treated with meloxicam and LA (D+M+LA). The last group was subdivided into subgroup A that was treated with fexofenadine (D+F) and subgroup B was treated with fexofenadine and LA (D+F+LA). Another group of normal non-diabetic untreated rats was left as a normal control for diabetic group only (NC). The period of treatment was persisted for four successive weeks.
The effect of LA, meloxicam and fexofenadine on serum glucose, blood pyruvate, LDH activity, total lipids, TG, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total proteins, albumin, globulins A/G ratio and CRP were studied. In addition, liver glycogen content, GSH and MDA levels in liver and brain tissues were evaluated in the present investigation.
Results were recorded in (11) tables and (19) figures. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis and revealed the following:
1) Alloxan-induced diabetes resulted in a significant increase in fasting and pp serum glucose, blood pyruvate levels and serum LDH activities. In addition, a significant decrease in liver glycogen content was observed in diabetic rats. LA improved these abnormalities in diabetic rats. Meloxicam moderately decreased blood pyruvate level and LDH activities as well as it significantly increased liver glycogen content. Fexofenadine administration induced no significant changes in the above-mentioned parameters. A drug interaction was noticed in the combination groups in relation to LA-treated group alone.
2) A significant increase in serum total lipid, TG and LDL levels was observed in diabetic rats throughout the experimental period. Serum total cholesterol was significantly increased in the last week of the study. These abnormalities were significantly ameliorated by LA administration when used separately or in combination with meloxicam or fexofenadine. Meloxicam had anti-hyperlipidemic effect. Fexofenadine had no effect on total lipid, TG and total cholesterol. Moreover, it increased HDL and decreased LDL levels at the end of the last week only. The results showed that the combination between LA and meloxicam significantly improved the lipid profile more than the use of each of them alone, suggesting an augmenting effect of both.