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Abstract
Obesity can be defined as a disease in which excess fat has accumulated, such that health may be adversely affected and mortality increased. The measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI) is the most common way to assess the degree of obesity, which is calculated by dividing the weight per (kg) on height per (M2).
Causes of morbid obesity are unknown but the genetic predisposition to obesity has been reported in several studies and is currently thought to be the most common cause of obesity.
Morbid obesity is associated with a large number of problems as coronary artery disease, hypertension, impaired cardiac ventricular function, adult-onset diabetes mellitus, obesity hypoventi¬lation, sleep apnea syndrome and hypercoagula¬bility. Morbidly obese patients can also die as a result of difficulties in recognizing the signs and symptoms of peritonitis and they have an increased risk for development of colon, prostate, breast, uterine carcinoma.
Medical therapy for sever obesity has limited short-term success and almost nonexistent long-term success. These medical tools available for weight management include diet therapy, a regimen of physical activity, behavior modification, and pharmacotherapy.