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Abstract
Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is the most frequent complication in pregnancy after the 20th week of gestation. This form of hypertension is classified as preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH). PE develops in 4–5% of human pregnancies. The condition of PE is the main cause of maternal and perinatal mortality, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. It is characterized by an elevated blood pressure and proteinuria that develops after 20 weeks of gestational age.
The cause of preeclampsia is still unknown. A completely satisfactory, unifying hypothesis has not emerged. It is likely that there may be several etiologies or underlying predispositions with effects that result in preeclampsia. Vasospasm or increased vascular reactivity and endothelial cell dysfunction may be the final common pathway of several different pathophysiologic mechanisms.