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Abstract
The lower limb skeleton composed of femur, patella, tibia, fibula andthe small bones of the foot. Each of the long bones has both periosteal andendosteal blood supply which are very important in the healing process afterfracture or osteotomy.
The mechanical axis of the lower limb in the frontal plane extends fromthe center of the femoral head to the center of the ankle passing at the medialtibial spine, while in the sagittal plane the mechanical axis running from thecenter of the femoral head to the center of the ankle and passes anterior to theknee joint. Joints of the lower limb are oriented at a fixed angles to themechanical axis in the sagittal and frontal planes. Any deformity leads tomechanical axis deviation (M.A.D) and joint malorientation which must becorrected otherwise, degenerative joint changes will develop. The cause ofangular deformities may be due to. asymmetrical rate of growth of epiphysealplate, malunion of fractures, developmental disturbances, congenitalanomalies, degenerative diseases or soft tissue contractures, which maypresent during childhood, adulthood or at old age.
For the diagnosis and measurement of angular deformities we used themalalignment test and malorientation test in both the frontal, sagittal andoblique plane deformities which is actually a combined frontal and sagittalbiplanar deformities.
The Ilizarov external Fixator is composed of main parts and secondaryparts. For insertion of wires and half pines to the lower limb, a various ofanatomic cuts are sketched to avoid injury of important vessels and nerves ormuscle and tendon transfixation as possible.
The technique of correction of lower limb angular deformities dependson the level of the deformity and the site of the osteotomy in relation to thecenter of rotation of angulation of the deformity (CORA). The hinges areapplied at the level of the (CORA) and the deformity will be corrected inpure angulation if the osteotomy is done at the level of the (CORA) or thebisector line or it will be corrected in angulation and translation if theosteotomy is far away from the (CORA).