الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 170 |  |  |
| | | from | 170 | | |
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of applying some organic manures enriched with phosphogypsum on yield and nutrient status of tomato plants which grown in sandy soil. To fulfill the aim of this study, the field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Agriculture Research station. The area of soil used for conducted the experiment was 400 m2 having the dimensions 20 20 ×. This area divided into 30 bands, each band extended 20m. The distance between each two successive bands was 60cm. Dimension of each experimental until were 2.4× 20 m contained three bands. Tomato plants (Lycoperiscon esculentum; Mill (Castle Rock Cv.)) were transplanted at the distance of 35 cm apart, consequently each band contain 57 tomato plants. Drip irrigation system used where plants were watered daily at the rate of 2L plant-1 up till flowering and two times per week at mature stage (mature stage).Both chicken manure and compost were added by two rates, 30kg/ experimental unit or 2.5 ton/ fed and 60 kg/ experimental unit or 5ton/fed. Phosphogypsum applied by 12 kg/ experimental unit or one ton/ fed. Mineral fertilizers were supplied by recommended dose as follows:-
160 kg N/ fed in the form of NH4NO3 , 200 kg super phosphate (15% P2O5)/ fed and 150 kg potassium sulphate (50% K2O)/ fed. Randomized complete block design with three replicates was used.
The most important obtained results could be summarized in the following:-
First :- Fruit yield and dry matter weight of tomato plants:-
• All the studied applications of manures, phosphogypsum, and mineral fertilizers could increase both fruit yield and dry matter weight of roots and shoots as compared with control treatment at both tested growth stages (flowering and mature).
• Application of organic manures especially chicken manure at high rate in combination with phosphpgypsum showed the most significant fruit yield and dry matter weight of roots and shoots of tomato plants, while mineral fertilizers showed the least significant increase. Superiority of treatments oftenly showed these general trend:-
CM5+Pg>Comp5+Pg>CM2.5+Pg>Comp2.5+Pg>CM5>Comp5>CM2.5>Comp2.5>MF>Cont.
Second:- Nutritional status of tomato plants:-
• Evaluation of nutritional status of roots, shoots and fruits of cultivated tomato plants at flowering and mature stage, showed a positive action for application of organic manures, phophogypsum, and mineral fertilizers where status of macro and nutrients were improved in all plant parts as compared with control treatment.
• Application of organic manure especially chicken manures at high rate in combination with phosphgypsum introduced the most significant increase in the content and uptake of tested nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn) except Mg. While minerals fertilizers introduced the least significant increase. The inducing effect of tested treatments on content and uptake of (N, P, K,Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn) oftently showed this general trend:-
CM5+Pg>Comp5+Pg>CM2.5+Pg>Comp2.5+Pg>CM5>Comp5>CM2.5>Comp2.5>MF>Cont.
The data of Mg content and uptake by tomato plants showed adversely effect by increasing of Ca content or uptake. It could be explained on the antagonism between Ca and Mg ions. In general the tested treatments could be descendingly arranged due to Mg content and uptake as the following trend:-
MF>Comp2.5>CM2.5>Comp5>CM5>Comp2.5+Pg>CM2.5+Pg> Comp5+Pg>CM5+Pg>Cont.
Third:- Soil analysis after tomato plant removal:-
• Application of organic manures and phosphogypsum improved the organic matter and pH, particularly under heavy application rate in combination with phosphogypsum. However mineral fertilizers were insignificant effect on improving previous soil parameters. We can notice that organic matter increased from 0.35% in control up to 0.5% as a result of chicken manure treatment in high rate in combination with phosphogypsum and pH values decreased from 7.90 to 7.21 as a result of compost treatment in high rate in combination with phosphogypsum.
• EC values and available nutrients increased with increasing the rate of organic manure particularly in combination with phosphogypsum. We can notice that chicken manure in heavy rate was the highest effect on EC and available nutrients, however, mineral fertilizers were the lowest effect.
• Soluble cations were increased after different fertilization treatments, particularly at the high rate application of manures in combination with phosphogypsum. However soluble Na appeared an opposite trend where application of organic manure an phosphogypsum decreased soluble Na.
Soluble anions were decreased due to fertilization treatments (except) the soluble SO4 which increased as a result of fertilization treatments applications to soil.