الفهرس 
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Abstract
APPENDIX (A) br ESSENTIAL DATA FOR POWER FLOW AND OPTIMUM OPERATION OF SYSTEMS UNDERSTUDY br 1) IEEE 14-BUS SYSTEM: br Sbase = 100 MVA; Base Voltage = 33 kV; br NG = 5; br NB = 14; br NV = 6; br 1-a) Bus Data: br Bus # Pd (MW) Qd (MVAR) Vi (p.u.) δi Vmax Vmin br 1 0 0 1.06 0 1.06 0.94 br 2 21.7 12.7 1.045 -4.98 1.06 0.94 br 3 94.2 19 1.01 -12.72 1.06 0.94 br 4 47.8 3.9 1.019 -10.33 1.06 0.94 br 5 20 10 1.02 -8.78 1.06 0.94 br 6 20 12 1.07 -14.22 1.06 0.94 br 7 0 0 1.062 -13.37 1.06 0.94 br 8 0 0 1.09 -13.36 1.06 0.94 br 9 50 20 1.056 -14.94 1.06 0.94 br 10 9 5.8 1.051 -15.1 1.06 0.94 br 11 20 10 1.057 -14.79 1.06 0.94 br 12 12 6 1.055 -15.07 1.06 0.94 br 13 25 20 1.05 -15.16 1.06 0.94 br 14 30 20 1.036 -16.04 1.06 0.94 br 1-b) Generators’ Data: br Generator at Bus # 1 2 3 6 8 br Pmax 232.2 140 100 100 100 br Pmin 0 0 0 0 0 br Qmax 10 50 40 24 24 br Qmin 0 -24 0 -6 -6 br 1-b) Lines’ Data: br from line To line r x b br 1 2 0.01938 0.05917 0.0528 br 1 5 0.05403 0.22304 0.0492 br 2 3 0.04699 0.19797 0.0438 br 2 4 0.05811 0.17632 0.034 br 2 5 0.05695 0.17388 0.0346 br 3 4 0.06701 0.17103 0.0128 br 4 5 0.01335 0.04211 4 br 4 7 0 0.20912 0 br 4 9 0 0.55618 0 br 5 6 0 0.25202 0 br 6 11 0.09498 0.1989 0 br 6 12 0.12291 0.25581 0 br 6 13 0.06615 0.13027 0 br 7 8 0 0.17615 0 br 7 9 0 0.11001 0 br 9 10 0.03181 0.0845 0 br 9 14 0.12711 0.27038 0 br 10 11 0.08205 0.19207 0 br 12 13 0.22092 0.19988 0 br 13 14 0.17093 0.34802 0