الفهرس يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Tetralogy of fallot is considered the most common cyanotic cardiac anomaly that may be present since infancy. all the patients suffering from cyanotic cardiac malformations are exposed to prolonged hypoxia that lead to certain changes like polycythemia nail clubbing and iron deficiency anemia . concerning the heart some ischemic changes affect the myocardial fibers that may end with scarring or fibrosis . Ischemia or scarring of the myocardium causes ventricular contractile dysfunction which leads to wall motion abnormalities of the heart either hypokinesia.