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Abstract
This study has been carried out during the years of 2003, 2004 and 2005. In the first part ( Part I) of the work (2003 & 2004), mature Balady orange (BO) and Balady mandarin (BM) trees grown in sandy soil in a private farm in Sharkia Gavernorate received artesian irrigation water from two wells; one well gave higher salinity (HS) water (3622 ppm) while the other gave lower salinity (LS) water (817 ppm). The experiment comprised 18 BO trees, 18 on-year BM trees and 18 off-year BM trees. As such, 9 trees of each group (3 reps × 3 trees / rep. = 9) received HS irrigation and the other 9 trees received LS irrigation water. The main goal of this part of the work (part I) was to compare vegetative and fruiting behavior of BO and BM trees under two distinct levels of irrigation water salinity under the usual conditions on commercial citrus groves.
The second part (Part II) of this work was carried out in 2005 on BO and BM trees previously stunted by HS irrigation in 2003 and 2004. The main goal of this part of the work was to measure the degree of recovery in vegetative and fruiting behavior of BO and BM trees by LS irrigation in 2005 as compared with their behavior under HS irrigation in 2004.
The most important results were summarized as follows:
Part I. Effect of salinity level on BO and BM Trees
Tree and shoot vigor
1. Tree vigor was seriously affected by HS water. This was obvious with all tree vigor parameters (height, diameter, and circumference) and particularly the canopy volume which lost 97.1 & 98.4%, 92.1 & 98.2 % and 90.7 & 92.0 % for BO, on-year BM and off-year BM respectively under HS in the two seasons in comparison with LS