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Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) is a tree that
belongs to the family Ebanaceae. The genus Diospyrosnamed
means ”food of the gods”, and that is true,
when the fruit is fully ripe it has a very rich sweet taste
and contains high levels of vitamin A. Persimmon fruits
are subject to many fruit diseases in the field, during
harvesting, marketing and storage. A. alternata and B.
cinerea were the most destructive fungi on persimmon
fruits. While, cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium
semitectum and Penicillium expansum were less
pathogenic. Optimum temperature of A. alternata was
ranged from 25-30 QC. and complete inhibited at 0, 45
and 50°C. while B. cinerea was 20°C., with no mycelial
growth at 0 and 40 QC. Salsylic acid at 800 ppm was
completely inhibited the linear growth of A. alternata and
B. cinerea. The mycelial growth was completely inhibited
with majoram and cinnamon at 800 ppm for A. alternata
while B. cinerea at 1600 ppm. All growth regulators
decreased the linear growth of A. alternata. DROP was the
most effective on the growth of A. alternata, followed by
Naptalam and GA3. The growth of B. cinerea was not
effecting by tested growth regulators until 200 ppm.
Euparen and Tecto fungicides inhibited the linear growth
of A. alternata at 200 and 500 ppm respectively, while
Euparen and Tecto at 5 ppm inhibited B. cinerea.
Preharvest treatment with DROP was the most effective
decreasing decay in natural and artificial fruits inoculated
by A. alternata and B. cinerea. While Euparen at 1500
ppm was decreased fruit decay caused by A. alternata,
and Tecto at 1350 ppm was superior for B. cinerea. On
the other hand, Tecto at 2ml/L. with GA3 at 50 ppm was
the best treatment in reducing fruit rot caused by the
same fungi. Postharvest treatment with calcium chloride
at 4 %for 5 min was decreasing fruit decay caused by A.
alternata or B. cinerea. Majoram plant oil at 1.5 milL. was
controlling fruit decay caused by A. alternata or B.
cinerea. Forced hot air treatment for persimmon fruits at
50°C. for 5 hrs. was controlling fruit decay caused by A.
alternata or B. cinerea. UV irradiation at 365 nm. at all
exposure time decreased the severity of infection caused
by A.alternata or B.cinerea.