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Abstract
Summary:The present work was performed to investigate the effect of abamectin and doramectin (0.2mg/kg b.wt) for treatment of sheep naturally infested with sarcoptic mange. Another goal was to study the side effects of sarcoptic mange, abamectin and doramectin that could be reflected on liver and kidney functions.
This research was held on 30 sheep aged 2-3 years old (15 healthy sheep and 15 sheep naturly infested with sarcoptic mange) from a private farm in Hehia, Sharkia Provence .Sheep were divided into 6 equal groups each of 5 sheep
Group 1: Non infested sheep and non treated (control),
Group 2: Non infested and treated with therapeutic dose of
abamectin (0.2 mg/ kg b.wt).
Group 3: Non infested and treated with therapeutic dose of
doramectin (0.2 mg/ kg b.wt).
Group 4: sheep naturally infected with sarcoptic mange and non
treated.
Group 5: sheep naturally infected with sarcoptic mange and treated
with therapeutic dose of abamectin (0.2 mg/ kg b.wt).
Group 6: sheep naturally infected with sarcoptic mange and treated
with therapeutic dose of doramectin (0.2 mg/kg b.wt).
Skin scraping and two blood samples were collected from animals before treatment with abamectin and doramectin and at 7th, 15 th, 30 th and 45th days post treatment. First blood samples were collected on EDTA and used for haematological studies and the second blood samples were collected in centrifuge tubes and left in a slope position to clot at the room temperature.Serum was carefully separated and centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m.for10 minutes. Clear serum was used for biochemical analysis.
Efficacy of therapeutic regimen of abamectin and doramectin in sheep naturally infested with sarcoptic mange
Sheep naturally infested with sarcoptic mange and treated with therapeutic dose of abamectin and doramectin (0.2 mg/ kg b.wt) revealed a high effect which reached 33.33%, 97.44%, 100% for abamectin at 7th, 15th and 21th post treatment and for doramectin reached 47.06 %96.08% and100% at the same period.
Effects of some haematological parameters:-
Non infested sheep and treated with therapeutic dose of abamectin and doramectin (0.2mg/kg b.wt) showed insignificant decrease in their total erythrocytic count, haemoglobin content, packed cell volume % and significant decrease in their total leukocytic count at 7th and 15th day post treatment when compared with non infested non treated sheep.
Total erythrocytic count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume% significantly decreased allover the experimental period but total leukocytic count were significantly increased in sheep infested with sarcoptic mange and non treated allover the experimental period when compared with non infested non treated sheep.
Infested sheep with sarcoptic mange and treated with abamectin or doramectin (0.2 mg/kg b.wt) showed a significant decrease in their total erythrocytic count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume %at 7th and 15th day and insignificant decrease at 30th and 45th day post treatment when compared with healthy non treated sheep . Total leukocytic count significantly increased at 7th and 15th day and insignificantly increased at 30th and 45th day post treatment when compared with non infested non treated sheep, meanwhile infested sheep with sarcoptic mange and treated with abamectin or doramectin in therapeutic dose were significantly increased allover the experimental period when compared with infested non treated sheep. Total leukocytic count significantly decreases allover the experimental period when compared with infested non treated sheep.
Effects on some serum biochemical parameters:
A)Effect on some liver enzymes :-
It was found that s/c injection of healthy sheep with therapeutic doses of abamectin or doramectin induced significant increase in activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase at 7th and15th day and insignificant decrease in these enzymes at 30th and 45th day post-treatment in comparison with healthy non treated sheep.
All over the experimental period the activity of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) significantly increased in infested sheep with sarcoptic mange and non treated when compared with healthy non infested sheep non treated
Infested sheep with sarcoptic mange and treated with therapeutic dose of abamectin or doramectin showed insignificant increase in activity of AST,ALT and alkaline phosphatase along the experimental period when compared with healthy non infested non treated sheep, Likewise, infested sheep and treated with abamectin or doramectin showed significant decrease in activity of aspartate aminotransferase at 7th, 15th day but alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase significantly decrease at 15th, 30th and 45th day post treatment when compared with infested non treated sheep.
B) Effect on total bilirubin
Therapeutic dose of abamectin or doramectin induce significant elevation in total bilirubin of healthy sheep at 7th, 15th and 30th day post treatment when compared with non infested non treated sheep.
Naturally infested sheep with sarcoptic mange and non treated showed significant increase in their total bilirubin allover the experimental period when it compared with non infested non treated sheep.
Infested sheep and treated with therapeutic dose of abamectin or doramectin revealed insignificant decrease in their total bilirubin along the experimental period when compared with non infested non treated sheep.
Significant reduction in total bilirubin was seen along the experimental period in infested sheep and treated with both drugs when compared with infested non treated sheep.
Effect on protein profile
Our results recorded that there was a significant reduction in total protein, albumin and globulin of non infested treated sheep at 7th, 15th and 30th day post treatment when compared with non infested non treated sheep. whereas, infested sheep with sarcoptic mange non treated exhibited a significant reduction in total protein, albumin and globulin along the entire period of the experiment when compared with healthy non treated sheep.
The value of the total protein and albumin were insignificantly decreased along the experimental period but globulin significantly elevated allover the experimental period in infested sheep and treated with both drugs when compared with non infested non treated sheep and show significant increase in serum total protein and globulin at 15th, 30th and 45th day post treatment but albumin insignificantly increased allover the experimental period when compared with infested non treated sheep
B) Effect on some kidney function :
Healthy non infested and treated sheep with therapeutic dose of abamectin or doramectin (0.2mg /kg.b.wt) as single dose displayed significant increase in urea and creatinine at 7th and 15th day post treatment when compared with non infested non treated sheep.
Infested sheep and non treated showed significant increase in serum urea and creatinine level all over the expermental period when compared with non infested non treated sheep, naturally infested sheep with sarcoptic mange and treated with abamectin and doramectin in therapeutic dose show significant increase in urea level only at 7th day post treatment and insignificant increase in creatinine level allover the experimental period when compared with non infested non treated sheep. Urea level was significantly decreased at 15th, 30th and 45th day post treatment but creatinine significantly decreased only at 45th day post treatment when compared with infested non treated sheep.
Effect on glucose, cholsterol and total lipid
Therapeutic dose of abamectin or doramectin (0.2 mg/ kg. b.wt) as single dose afforded significant decrease in glucose level at 7th and 15th day post treatment, but cholesterol significantly increased at only 7th day post treatment and show significant increase in total lipid at 7th and 15th day post treatment when compared with non infested non treated sheep.Infested sheep with mange and non treated show a significant decrease in serum glucose, cholsterol and total lipid at various periods.
Treatment of mange infested sheep with abamectin or doramectin with previous dose elicited significant decrease in glucose level only at 7th day post treatment but cholsterol and total lipid were significantly decrease at 7th and 15th and day post treatment when compared with non infested non treated sheep, and significant increase in glucose level at 15th, 30th and 45th day post treatment but cholsterol and total lipid significantly increased at 30th and 45th day post treatment when compared with infested non treated sheep.