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Abstract
Diabetes is a widespread disease that affects every system in the body. Its effect on the periodontal tissues was investigated in this study. Thirty adult female albino rats were used, they were classified into 2 groups, group A (10 rats), the control one and group B (20 rats), the treated one. Diabetes was induced in the treated group using a dose of 200 mg/Kg of alloxan dissolved in physiological saline injected intraperiotneally. Group B was divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup B1 that is allowed to survive for 4 weeks after induction of diabetes and subgroup B2 that is allowed to survive for 8 weeks after induction of diabetes. Gingiva is examined under both light and electron microscopy. Under light microscopy, the lamina propria of the gingiva of diabetic rats showed infiltration by inflammatory cells. The capillaries showed increase in the thickness of their walls. Under electron microscopy, Langerhans’ cells were more frequently seen and were located in the suprabsal layers of OGE. Some capillaries had thickened basement membrane others had multilamellated basement membrane. Additionally marked attenuation of basement membrane and deposition of fibers around it were also observed. Structural changes in the endothelial cells in the form of loss of mitochondrial cristae, increased lysosome like vesicles, shrunken irregular nuclei and swollen endothelial cells with narrowing of the lumen of the capillaries were also seen. Mast cells had decreased electron-density of granules with vacuole formation around them. Some granules contained irregular threads, complete destruction of cell membrane, loss of cytoplasmic material and pyknotic nuclei were also seen.
The previous changes were more prominent in subgroup B2 than that of subgroup B1
Also a degenerating undetermined cell is seen in the lamina propria of subgroup B2
from the above mentioned findings it can be concluded that diabetes changes the structure of the gingiva and this change is more sever with more diabetic age. This may help in understanding the association of diabetes and increased both incidence and severity of periodontal disease.