الفهرس 
The metabolic meiliuOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION
In critically ill patients malnutrition is associated with impaired immune function, impaired ventilatory drive and weakened respiratory muscles leading to prolonged ventilatory dependence and increased infectious morbidity and mortality . Malnutrition is prevalent in ICU patients, has been reported as being as high as 40 %, and is associated with poor patient outcomes .
The benefits of nutrition support in the critically ill include improved wound healing, a decreased catabolic response to injury, improved gastrointestinal structure and function, and improved clinical outcomes including a reduction in complication rates and length of stay with accompanying cost savings
Nutrition support is not without adverse effects or risks, Early enteral nutrition can be associated with high gastric residual volumes, bacterial colonization of the stomach, and an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia
Parenteral nutrition has been associated with gut mucosal atrophy, overfeeding, hyperglycemia, an increased risk of infectious complications and increased mortality in critically ill patients . Both forms of nutrition support can increase health care costs and workloads of care providers.
Recent review papers have documented that nutrition support dose influence morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients . Therefore, strategies to improve the delivery of nutrition support are relevant and may result in decreased morbidity and mortality. Systematically developed practice guidelines that focus on these strategies will allow practitioners to make decisions about appropriate nutrition support care and will aim at improving the quality of patient care and maximizing the efficiency with which resources are used.
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AIM OF THE ESSAY
The aim of this essay was to identify the benefits and complications of different modalties of nutritional support in mechanically ventilated patients in order to know the preferred modality.