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Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the pathological and clinicopathological changes in catfish (Clarias garipenus) due to Pseudomonas fluorescens infection along with trial for treatment and control via vaccination
A total number of about 360 catfish were collected from Ismailia markets during the period from 2005 – 2006 . They were subjected bacteriological,clinical and pathological examination. Blood samples were collected for the determination of some hematological, immunological and biochemical parameters .The experiment was planned to study the course and pathogenesis of the disease , the efficacy of the chemotherapy and vaccination as measures for control the disease in fresh water fish .
The clinical signs among infected catfish by Pseudomonas fluorescens revealed exophthalmia, petechiae on the body surface and hemorrhagic spots at the base of fins particularly the pectoral and anal fins with fin rots and skin erosions. These clinical signs were comparatively decreased in the prophylacted, treated and vaccinated groups
A marked decrease in the erythrocytic parameters in the infected,infected with prophylactive treatment and treated groups was evident . Normocytic normochromic anemia was found in the acute stage and macrocytic hypochromic anemia was found in the subacute stage of the disease.
Fish of the vaccinated group showed normal erythrocytic parameters throughout the period of the experiment.
Leucocytosis with marked neutrophilia and lymphocytosis were seen in the infected catfish. The vaccinated catfish showed significant gradual increase in leucocytes especially lymphocytes from the 1st to the 4th week post vaccination.
A marked elevation in liver enzymes (A L T, A S T) and glucose as well as urea and uric acid was noticed in the infected, infected with prophylactive treatment and treated groups, while there were significant decrease in the total protein and albumin in the same groups.
Total protein, globulin especially gamma globulin and the antibody titer were significantly increased from the 1st to the 4th week post vaccination in the vaccinated group.
Grossly, focal congestion and hemorrhages in the skin, underlying muscles, liver, spleen, kidney and intestine were seen. Hemopericardium and hemoperitonium were evident in the infected catfish. These lesions were comparatively decreased in the prophylacted and therapeutic treated groups.
Histopathologically, marked degenerative changes and necrosis were evident in the infected group. These changes were comparatively decreased in the prophylacted and therapeutic treated groups. while the vaccinated group showed minimal degenerative changes with obvious activation and proliferation of melanomacrophages and hematopoietic tissue that gradually increased till the 2nd week post vaccination.