الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the work
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aims of the present study were, therefore,
(i) To study whether TVI is more sensitive than conventional echocardiography in the assessment of LV ventricular function in patients with mild/moderate and severe CKD and
(ii) To evaluate possible associations between risk factors in CKD patients (such as hypertension or hyperparathyroidism) and LV geometry and LV myocardial function in these patients.
Summary and conclusion
In summary, the present study demonstrates that TVI, in comparison with conventional echocardiography, is a more sensitive method for the detection of left ventricular dysfunction in pre-dialysis CKD patients,
in particular in patients with severe CKD, in whom left ventricular dysfunction appears to be associated with hyperparathyroidism, or hypertension
However, the validity of our study is limited by the relatively small number of patients. Therefore, these findings have to be confirmed in larger prospective studies investigating the importance of early detection
and treatment of hyperparathyroidism, hypertension and LVH, as they may be important risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in CKD patients.