الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract This work was carried out at Shark EI-Bohairat in Sinai, during the seasons of 1999/2000 and 2000/2001. The objectives of the current work are:- study the effect of application of different organic manures and NPK fertilizer (slow release fertilizer) to the sandy soil on the vegetative growth, flowering and chemical composition of gladiolus cultivars Eurovision, Novolux, Peter Pears and Rose Supreme as well as study the effect of some commercial biocides, fungicides on the wilt disease of gladiolus cultivar Rose Supreme and study the effect of fertilization on the wilt disease of all cultivars of gladiolus under study. The gladiolus corms of the cultivars were imported from Holland, and the bulbs with 8-10 cm circumference were chosen for cultivation. The most important results were: l-The application of organic manure fertilization generally had stimulatory effect on the vegetative growth of all tested cultivars of gladiolus. The treatment with chicken manure significantly produced the largest leaf number, the heaviest fresh and dry weights of leaves, stems, spike, rachis, corms and cormels of all cultivars in both seasons. 2- The chicken manure and sewage sludge reduced the days from cultivation till flowering, increased the length of spike, length of rachis (flowering part of spike), as well as increased the number of florets per spike and produced the greatest numbers of new cormels, over control with all cultivars in both seasons. 3-The application of NPK (slow release fertilizers) at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g promoted the vegetative growth, flowering and corm production of gladiolus plants. The highest rate of fertilizers at 3.0 g significantly increased the leaf number, the fresh and dry weights of leaves and stems, decreased the days needed to flowering, increased the number of florets per plant, the length of both spike and rachis as well as the fresh and dry weights of spike and rachis , increased number of new cormels/plant, fresh weight of cormels and the fresh weight of corms with all tested cultivars of gladiolus and in both seasons. 5-The treatment with organic manure especially chicken manure and the application of NPK fertilization at highest rate produced the highest percentages of carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in both leaves and corms of all gladiolus cultivars in both seasons. 6-Novolux and Peter Pears cvs were less susceptible to wilt disease, showed higher emerged seedlings (87.5% and 93.65%), while Eurovision and Rose Supreme cultivars were highly susceptible to wilt and showed less emerged seedlings (75.0% and 68.75%). The biological treatments resulted in high significant reduction in disease incidence on Rose Supreme cultivar. Plant guard was superior in controlling the wilt disease followed by Rhizo-N and Clean root. 7-AII tested fungicides significantly diminished the infection of wilt disease Vitavax- 200 was the most effective fungicide for controlling the wilt disease. 8-Corms produced from plants without fertilization showed lower corm rot comparing with the fertilized plants. Using sewage sludge and compost as organic fertilization showed relatively less corm rot comparing to cattle and chicken manure. It is clear from the above results that the application (chicken manure or sewage sludge) and NPK fertilization (slow release fertilizer) at rate of 3.0 g/plant to the sandy soil is important to improve the vegetative growth, flowering characters and the corm production of gladiolus. On the other side, using either Plant guard as biocides or Vitavax as fungicides is very important to stop the infection with wilt disease. |