الفهرس 
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Abstract
There can be no doubt that the laser represents one *ojj-: the most remarkable scientific and technical. milestones of the 20th century. The dramatic growth of
the laser technology began in 1960, when the first successful laser was reported. Lasers are now used in
the most diverse fields: biology and medicine, cybernetics and computer circuitry, communications and radar systems, industrial processes, and measurements of
various types.
A
Laser communication is one of the most distinguished comfnounication means due to its extreme directionality awl high information capacity as well as , high power concentration on the beam. As we know, the amount of
information sent by electromagnetic signal is proportional to the signal bandwidth, and the spectral bandwidth of the laser beam is relatively large compared to microwave transmissions.
Rangefinding is one of the most crucial
applications in both civilian and military fields. It,-,
Importance stems from the high spatial and temporal
coherence of laser radiation. It is so coherent that it
seems impossible to- use conventioii-al countermeasures
against it. For instance, during air combat, it is very
difficult to estimate the target range by the classical
means in a very short time, due to high aircraft speed.