الفهرس 
notationsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 205 |  |  |
| | | from | 205 | | |
Abstract
Anchors are used usual~ for transmitting tensile forces from super-structures such as retaining walls, high towers to soil.
il Anchors are made up of circular, square or recttJm-
gular slab, embeded in so il and attached to the build~ by a tie, having a diameter less than that of the slab.
Anchors may be horizontal, inclined or vertical depend upon the direc tion of the tensile forces. The anchor may be shallow or deep a.ccording to its embedment depth to slab diameter ratio (i.e. its relative depth). Anchors may perform, singly or in group, according to their spacing and relative depth.
In this project, fifty eight pull-out tests on models of single shallow horizontal anchors, embeded in dry sand, were carried out to investigate the influence of some factors on the uplift capacity of the anchors.
The factors comprise relative depth of anchor, load eccen-
trici ty, shape of anchor plate, diameter of anchor rod
and relative density of sand.
In addition, theoretical analysie of the state of stresses in the vicinity of the anchor, was obtained to determine the critical anchor load, at which plastic zones begin to develop in the soil. The ult1Jlate uplift capacity
I” ~ of the single shallow horizontal anchor was subsequently