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Abstract
The success of modem aquaculture has been the direct result of good management, good nutrition and good disease control., $here is a growing need to control, prevent or minimize the devastating effects of disease in fish culture resource to toxic chemicals or antibiotics. In keeping with approaàhes to disease control in fish and higher mammals, interest is developing in compounds that confer protection and / or enhance immune reactivity to likely pathogens of aquatic species.
The aim of this study is to prove the effect of immunostimulants on the immunity of the fish broilers via study the effect of two immunostimulants (Tonolest and Humic acid) through their effects on total WBCs, RBCs, the differential leucocytic counts , Hb % PCV, Phagocytic activity, Phagocytic index, serum enzymes (S.ALT, S. AST, ALP), Glucoe cholesterol and serum proteins (Total protein, albumin, globulin and Albumin/globulin ratio).
This study was carried-out on a total number of 400 healthy fish Oreochromis niotici.s, were obtained from private fish farm. Fish were transported alive to the laboratory in plastic bags containing water enriched by air (2/3), Average body weight of fish about (50±5gm).
Two type of immunostimulant were used in this study, they include Tonolest (The Tonolest put in the ration by about 0.5 Kg / Ton ration), and Humic acid (The Humic acid put in the ration by about 0.5 Kg! ton ration).
The most important results of this study include:
1) There was a tendancy for increasing of the WBCs, RBCs level, Hb and PCV percentages from the 1 week to the end of the experiment and increasing level become contiuouce. V
2) The WBCs, RBCs level and Hb nd PCV percentages wete higher in the Tonolest treated group and Humic acid treated groups than non treated groups.
3) The lymphocyte and monocyte number increased progressively in the 0. nioticus fish from the 1st week to the end of the experiment in the Tonolest treated groups. Moreover, the groups of fish that treated with Humic acid characterized by decreasing of the level of lymphocyte than the Tonolest treated groups and all of them higher than that of the control group.
4) Phagocytic activity and index differ significantly among different treatment groups. (P< 0.01) , the phagocytic activities were higher in the groups fed diet containing V Tonolest than the groups treated with Humic acid and control groups or non treated groups all over the period of experiment. V
The increasing ratio of phagocytic acivity decresed progressively toward the end of the experiment in the 0. niloticus fish. -
5) The level of serum proteins (total protein) which includes (albumin, globulin and albumin !globulin ratio) gradually increased with the time in case of groups received diet with Tonolest, followed by the groups fed Humic acid than the control groups. The globulin level also, showed higher values in the Tonolest treated groups than that of the Humic acid treated groups.
The Albumin/globulin ration showed higher values in the tonoles treated groups than the other groups especially twards the end of the experiment.
6) The glucose level decreased progressively with the advancement of the experiment in the groups treated with Tonolest and Humic acid but the concentration of glucose