الفهرس 
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Abstract
Coppar is Comsidered as one of the best Materials for Applications as Solar selective Surface therefore an Istensive Study of Cu-thin Films including the Interoorrelation of the Structural characteristice with both the alactric and optical Proparties is of Vital Importance The Ratio between the solar absorptivity and thermal emissivity.it was found that selectivity there no further improvment was observed continuous phase Reynolds numbers higher than 4000.therefore, the present experimental apparatus is constructed in order to facilitate the study of bubbles movement in a continuous phase having Reynolds numbers lower than those previously reported.