الفهرس 
acknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present situation in Egypt favours the use of raw materials which is a
consequence of economic and technical policies that developed during abundance
of energy and natural resources. However, these ”consumptive policies” should be
avoided. It is now an important issue to encourage industry, or initiate a
specialized secondary industry, to utilize their residues.
Efforts are needed to develop new technologies and to institute suitable
measures to promote waste reclamation; this can only be achieved if residues are
considered as a complementary resource rather than as undesirable waste.
Food processing wastes represent a subsidiary biomass resource derived
from agricultural activities. Residues such as husk, shell and seeds from various
cannery wastes and whey from dairy industry are currently used, after a sequence
of treatment processes, as animal feed, while other treatments such as aerobic
degradation or land application is limited due to high oxygen demand which
reflects on expenses as well as odour problems. Organic residues from agro-
industrial establishments in Alexandria were estimated in 1989 to be 120,000
ton/year (I)
Recently, the shortage of fossil fuel resources and increased environmental
protection efforts raised the interest in methane production from agricultural and
agro-industrial residues to rid the waste and produce a clean source of energy.