الفهرس 
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Abstract
The building bricks industry in Egypt, many years ago, had depended on the Nile-silt, deposited in huge quantities on Nile banks particularly during the flood seasons. After the construction of Aswan High Dam, this industry becomes almost completely
deprived from its easily obtained raw material due to the sedimentation of the principal load of it behind the Dam. To overcome this situation, the required raw materials obtained by exploiting the fertile surface soil layers of cultivated lands. This situation is currently presenting a serious threat to the agricultural wealth of the whole country, which attitude has already been prohibited by law.
In order to solve this problem, a search to find a major substitute for Nile-silt in the building brick industry becomes essential. Therefore, shale and clay deposits that are distributed all over many localities in Egypt could be a substitute that may be economically exploited for utilization in this industry.
The available shale/clay deposits distributed all over many localities in Egypt, in general have inherent properties depend on some factors especially the composition and structure of clay minerals which reflect on their physical properties during shaping, drying and firing. This leads to less durable products and limits the utilization of this raw material in the field of clay brick industry.