الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 102 |  |  |
| | | from | 102 | | |
Abstract
In this essay we are trying to review the literature trying to answer the above question.
Summary
Patients considered being at high risk for standard CABG because of associated disease (eg. Renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and redo operations for LAD stenosis are candidates for these procedures. Finally, some patients with multi-vessels disease may be approached by a combination of MICAB and angioplasty or stenting techniques.
Valve surgery has traditionally been performed via a median sterotomy with direct aortic and right atrial cannulation for CPB.
An alternative to this method has been developed using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Follow up suggests this simplified approach reduces patient pain and morbidity without jeopardizing surgical results.
Minimally invasive mitral and aortic valves operations can be done through different approaches such as ministernotomy, right parasternal approach, right anterior thoracotomy and transverse sternotomy.
The advantages of these simplified approaches are:
1- There is less trauma and less pain.
2- The small incision reduces the risk of wound infection and blood loss.
3- The patients recover more rapidly and are discharged from the hospital earlier, further reducing the hospital cost.
These approaches will be popularized and extended to involve all varieties of heart diseases.