الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate and document the endoscopic DCR as regards the methods of the investigations, the operative technique, the rate of success and complications. And to do the endoscopic DCR with more precision using a single fiberoptic light fiber introduced into the lacrimal sac through the upper or lower punctum as a guide to the sac thus avoiding the anatomic variations which is common in the nose. In the mean time comparing between endonasal DCR with nasolacrimal intubations technique in adults.
Conclusion:
In the present study comparison was done between endoscopic endonasal DCR, with and without diaphanoscopy and nasolacrimal intubations operation treatment of primary acquired nasolacrimal sac or duct obstruction.
The intranasal approach. The cosmetic advantages of endoscopic endonasal DCR are clear. The access to the rhinostomy site is more physiological when performing the operation endonasally.
DCR with diaphanoscopy appears to give shorter surgical duration than DCR without diaphanoscopy.
Moreover DCR with diaphanoscopy showed high success rate DCR without diaphanoscopy mostly due to precise localization of rhinostomy site without undue damage to the tissue.
In the near future, more ear, nose and throat surgeons well are performing this surgery.
Lacrimal intubations give less success rate than endoscopic endonasal DCR in the management of epiphora of adults.
Also it is less effective than EEDCR but it has some advantages, it is easy to perform, it is repeatable and still a DCR may be performed in unsuccessful cases.