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Abstract
A variety of measurements can be used for assessment of body fat but the most widely used is the BMI formula which is calculated as weight (W) in kg divided by the square of the height (H) in meters (W/H2). Morbidly obese individual is defined as one whose BMI ≥ 40 kg /m2.
The aetiology of obesity is multifactorial including; genetic predisposition, diet, psychological factor, drug induced obesity, endocrine factors, and environmental factors.
Obesity is associated with many disease such as; diabeted mellitus type (2), hypertension, atherosclerosis, obstructive sleep apnea, bronchial asthma, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, gall bladder stones, fatty livers, deep venous thrombosis, varicose veins, arthritis, endocrinal disturbances, renal complications, increasing the incidence of cancer, hernia, depression and decreasing life expectancy.
Non surgical management of obesity include; diet control, behavior modification, exercise, drugs and acupuncture. They still have poor results with the severely obese patients so it was proved that many obese individuals are in need for surgical interference if they are suitable for surgery and agree to life-long follow up.
Complications of bariatric surgery include; abdominal catastrophe, wound infection, splenic capsule, tear, gastric stasis, bleeding, pulmonary complications, abdominal wall hernias, cholelithiasis and neuropathy.