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Abstract
The present study is aimed to prepare three different formulas for infants and preschool children with protein- energy malnutrition (PEM). These formulas are prepared from some cereals, legumes, herbs, fruits and vegetables and characterized by its high nutritional values, easy to prepare, available and cheap.
The three formulas were chemically, technologically, microbiologically, biologically and economically evaluated. Besides, Caloric distribution, Vit. C & A and antinuritional factors.
Regarding chemical composition, the three studied formulas provide sufficient amount of protein, energy and iron. Lysine was the first limiting amino acid in rice and wheat formulas; however histidine was the first limiting amino acid in barley formula. The level of vitamin C and A in the three formulas is in accordance with (ES) and cover the nutritional requirements of infant and preschool children. Germination, drying and parboiling processes during formula preparation reduced the antinutritional factors and enhanced the nutritional quality.
Regarding sensory evaluation, all the three studied formulas were significantly overall acceptable.
Regarding microbiological evaluation, the three studied formulas were microbiologically safe and this is leads to increase the shelf life time of these formulas.
Regarding biological evaluation on rats, the three prepared formulas enhanced the biochemical parameters e.g., serum AST, TP, Alb., Glob., UA, urea, creat, Fe, TIBC, blood Hb., WBC and RBC especially rice formula.
Regarding the evaluation of the three studied formulas on infants and preschool children with PEM, there was no statistical difference detected between the three groups on baseline characteristics. Failure to thrive was the main complain at admission in the three studied groups flowed by diarrhea. Weaning food was the main dietary pattern of the studied cases before admission. The recovery from infections was faster in wheat than the rest of the two groups. There are no significant differences between the three groups at admission and discharge in all studied biochemical parameters and Hb. level was below 10 g/dl in all study cases. All studied groups’ recoded B.W increase > 10%.
Regarding the economical evaluation of the studied formulas, wheat formula offers great economical advantages for the Egyptian consumer, especially low- income families. While rice and barley formulas where not commercialized in the markets.