الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of the work is to investigate the important risk factors for bleeding of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis.
This study revealed that the major risk factors for bleeding of esophageal varices are:
1- Endoscopic predictors of impending rupture of varices include:
* Large size of esophageal varices (grade IV).
* Red Sign.
* Fundal varices.
* Portal hypertensive gastropathy.
2- Doppler ultrsonographic parameters of portal hypertension include:
* Increase portal vein diameter.
* Increase congestion and pulsatility indices.
* Decrease in portal blood velocity.
3- Severity of liver disease (Child’s C).
4- Presence of ascites.
5- Presence of Splenomegaly.
* The most independent risk factors for bleeding of esophageal varices in our study were the size of esophageal varices, followed by child’s grading, then splenomegaly, and lastly congestion index.