الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), y- chromatin fluorescence, and testosterone hormonal assay to identify correctly the gender of bloodstains, also FISH and Y-chromatin fluorescence have been assessed to detect male blood diluted in female blood in different concentrations, this work also evaluated the ability of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify human hemoglobin in bloodstains and differentiate human blood from some common animals.