الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present study, the number of malignant cases was more than that of non-malignant cases. Oesphageal lesions were more common in males than females whether they had non-malignant or malignant lesions. The mean age for non-malignant cases was 57.7 and for malignant cases were 52.8. from the previous work we conclude that: 1- TGF-a was not found in normal epithelial tissue and positive expression was found with changes from premalignant to malignant lesions. 2- COX-2 was found in normal epithelial tissue but with low level of expression and the expression increased with progression from premalignant to malignant changes. 3-when TGF-a increased in tissue COX-2 increased also. However not all cases of increased COX-2 expression means increased TGF-a. 4- Both markers responsible for the progression of disease from benign to malignant and both markers had antagonist, which was used clinically.