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Abstract
Background and objectives:
Over 246 million people live with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) across the world and 4.4 million of those people live in Egypt. The factors driving this pandemic are not only related to environment and lifestyle; genetic factors influence people’s risk of developing T2DM.
Common variants in the transcription factor 7- like 2 (TCF7L2) gene have been strongly associated with increased risk of T2DM in European population. As the genetic basis of many diseases in Egypt may be different from that reported in Europeans and no studies up to the researcher knowledge have been addressed this gene in this area, this work aimed to estimate the frequency of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism (rs 7903146) in type 2 diabetic patients in researcher area hoping that it could provide a sound foundation for further large scale prospective studies in this area.
Subjects and methods:
TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay has been used in the present study for molecular characterization of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism (rs 7903146) [C/T]. 170 chromosomes confinding to 85 type 2 diabetic patients (23 males and 62 females) selected from the diabetes clinic at Suez Canal University hospital, Ismailia and Port-said general hospital and 94 chromosomes from 47 age and sex matched healthy subjects have been included in this study. Laboratory tests were also performed including, measurement of blood glucose, fasting and 2 hours post-prandial and lipid profile using standard methods.
Results:
The high risk allele (T) frequency of (rs7903146) in diabetic cases was comparable to that observed in the control subjects (0.47 and 0.45, respectively).
Odds Ratio for the high risk allele (T) of (rs7903146) was 1.1 with 95% confidence interval from 0.6314 to 1.9215. This OR was not as high as the previous studies. In the study done by Grant and his colleagues in 2006 OR was 1.54 and 95% CI was 1.39–1.70 in the combined Icelandic, Danish and U.S samples and it was 1.33 and 95% CI was 1.14–1.56 in the Finnish sample. Another study on the French population, observed that the high risk allele T significantly increase type 2 diabetes risk with an allelic odds ratio (OR) of 1.69 and 95% CI of 1.55–1.83.
Conclusions:
In this study, it was shown that the high risk allele (T) of (rs7903146) gene polymorphism is frequent in patients and controls included in the study. Further large scale prospective studies are highly recommended to confirm the results of the present study and to investigate the genetic profile of the Egyptian people. This may explain the high frequency of the type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Egyptian population population.
Acknowledgement
First and foremost praise is due to Allah
I would like to express my sincere thanks and deepest gratitude to my great supervisor Prof. Dr. Taher Ibrahim El-serafi, Professor and Head of Biochemistry department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University for his kind and valuable help, constant guidance, encouragement and support throughout the course of the current work.
Special thanks for Dr. Manal Said Fawzy, Lecturer of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University for her precious help, close supervision, sincere advice and encouragement.
My deepest thanks and everlasting appreciation to Dr. Gehan Hussein Ibrahim, Lecturer of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University for her encouragement and support throughout the course of current work.
My sincerest thanks and gratitude are extended to Prof. Dr. Emad Ismail, Professor of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, for his kind help and support.
Many thanks are extended to Dr. Loaa Tag Eddin, Lecturer of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University for her great help and support during practical work.
I like also to thank Dr. Nagwa Lashine, Demonstrator of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University for her help and support during all the phases of work.
All the staff, colleagues and members in Biochemistry Department and Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University are sincerely acknowledged for their kind assistance and encouragement.
Many thanks go to the patients and normal persons who agreed to be part of this work; nothing could have been accomplished without their enthusiasm.
Last but not least, my deepest thanks are extended to my dear husband and his family for their care and patience and support.
Many thanks go to my family, my close neighbor and to everyone who help me in this work.