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Abstract
Every year several oil spills occur around the world, and these oil spills ultimately contaminate the soil. The accidental cases during transportation and defects in the pipe lines may cause
some contamination to the soils. Moreover, large quantities of
oil-contaminated sands may result from exploded oil wells, burning oil fires, the destruction of oil storage tanks, and the formation of oil lakes. Leakage of oil into the soil may occur due
to several reasons. This leakage results in the formation of soil
layer mixed with oil.
The mechanical soil properties as well as the physical properties may be influenced by the leaked oil.
The mechanical properties include compressibility, shear strength and permeability.
The main objective of this thesis is to provide the influences of the type of oil, oil viscosity, and different relative soil densities on soil compressibility, shear strength,and permeability.
To investigate compressibility, shear strength and permeability
parameters for oil contaminated sandy soil, an extensive testing program is carried out in the Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
The oil byproducts used in the testing program are kerosene,solar,and
used oil.
Contaminated specimens are prepared by mixing sand having different relative densities (20, 50 and 80%) with oil of different viscosities (2.76, 6.31 and 319), using different oil percentages
(2%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) by weight.
Consolidation tests were carried out on the prepared oil contaminated sand samples. The results obtained from the
testing program are analyzed and discussed. The effects of oil
viscosity,together with its percentage on the sloughing, soilmodulus of elasticity and the compression index were studied and presented. Oil contamination resulted in increased soil
compressibility. This is evident from the decreased soil modulus and the increased compression index as determined from the consolidation tests. The effect is directly proportional to the oil viscosity.
For Direct Shear Tests, it can be seen that the shear strength parameters for sand-oil mixes vary with the oil content in the same trend for the different types of oils used. The friction angle generally decreases with oil contamination with the maximum
reduction occurring with heavy crude oil. This reduction is noticeable at all relative densities from loose to dense conditions. For permeability tests, the results indicate reduction
in permeability with oil contamination. Finally, the general conclusions of the research are pointed out.