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Abstract
The designer drug is a drug with properties and effects similar to a known hallucinogen.
The use of the designer drugs has increased significantly over the past 2 decades, especially among young teens between the ages of 16 to 30.
Observations suggest that genetic and environmental conditions that differentially predispose individuals to drug-taking behavior and maintained drug abuse.
There is a biological basis for drug addiction. Recreational drug use causes the release and prolonged action of dopamine and serotonin within the reward circuit
The designer drugs are classified to stimulant drugs such as MDMA, methamphetamine, ketamine and hallucinogenic (LSD, 2-CB) and depressant drugs such as GHB and rohypnol.
Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / MS) is the procedure generally accepted for the confirmed identification of drugs of abuse.
Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of the individual, not just his or her drug use.
The best programs provide a combination of therapies and other services to meet the needs of the individual patient.
Medications are an important element of treatment for many patients, especially when combined with counseling and other behavioral therapies.
There are no specific antidotes for ingestion of designer drugs except for rohypnol, which has the antidote flumazenil.The aim of this work is to:
1. Elucidate the epidemiology and the distribution of designer drugs abuse that play an important role in planning and programs for treatment.
2.Identify the determinants of designer drugs abuse and explicate the related compulsive and addictive behaviors.
3. Detect the most common designer drugs, their action and explicate the neurobiology and neurochemical pharmacology of designer drugs.
4. Identify the associated medical conditions and complications of designer drugs abuse and its management.
5. Evaluate the problem of designer drugs abuse through diagnosis using diagnostic laboratories for screening of abused drugs.
6.Review the literature for recent lines of treatment of designer drugs abuse.