الفهرس يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Phyllanthus is a widespread tropical genus of the family Euphorbiaceae which is characterized by the presence of many biological active compounds such as: sterols, terpenes, flavonoids, tannins, lignans and polyphenolic compounds beside the presence of some alkaloids.So, this thesis comprises a phamacognostical study of a plant from this family and belong to genus Phyllanthus which was cultivated in Egypt, namely Phyllanthus atropurpureus Boj. Hort.Maurit. to perform:1. Botanical study of its different organs to facilitate the identification of the plant in both entire and powdered forms.2. Isolation and characterization of its chemical constituents.3. Biological study of the plant extracts as well as isolated compounds.I- Macro- and Micromorphological study of different organs was carried out to characterize the plant; as a result the followingcharacters comprises the main diagnostic features:1. The plant is a perennial monoecious shrub with dark olive green petiolated leaves showing red, purple or white colourations.2. The flower is unisexual, green or purple small axillary one.3. The rhizome of the plant is vertical showing dark reddish-brown rough, longitudinally wrinkled outer surface, giving 4 main roots on its lower end.4. Leaves are dorsiventral and its epidermis shows paracytic stomata , conical-shaped papillae and no hairs.5. Short petiole shows parenchymatous cortex with a complete layerof subepidermal collenchyma, collenchymatous pericycle and large cresent-shaped vascular tissue.6. Numerical values of leaves are 64- 86 for stomatal index on lower epidermis, 3.63 as vein-islet number, 4.86 for veinlet-termination number and 3.0- 3.8 as palisade ratio.7. Stem is characterized by the presence of parenchymatous cortexwith a parenchymatous pericycle showing batches of non-lignified pericyclic fibres. 8. The epidermal cells of sepals, ovary, style, anther and staminal column are polygonal, isodiametric or axially elongated, covered with thick or smooth cuticle. The cells of stigma are papillosed.<>9. The pollen grains are spherical yellow in colour with three germ
pores.<>10.The root shows a characteristic diarch primary xylem in the center.<>11. Rhizome shows interrupted bands of lignified sclerides in the<>pericycle.<>12.Cluster crystals of calcium oxalate are present in all organs of the<>plant.
II- Phytochemical Investigation:A- Pharmacopoeial constant of the plant.<>Moisture content, total ash and acid insoluble ash were<>determined and found to be: 15, 8.5 and 1.1% for the aerial part of the<>plant and 10, 6.81 and 1.3% for the root of the plant respectively.<>The successive extractives using selective organic solvents such as<>light petroleum, diethyl ether, chloroform and alcohol were found to<>be: 0.3, 0.11, 0.07 and 13.27% respectively for the aerial parts extracts.and 0.18, 0.02, 0.01 and 4.86 % respectively for the root extracts of<>the plant.<>Preliminary screening proved the probable presence of flavonoids,<>isoflavonoid, tannins, mucilage, sterols and/ or triterpenes.<>B- Fatty Acid Analysis:<>GLC investigation of fatty acid methyl esters together with<>authentic samples revealed the presence of the following fatty acids:<>caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, margaric,
stearic, oleic and linoleic.<>GC analysis of unsaponifiable matter revealed the presence of β–<>sitosterol and stigmasterol.<>C- Isolation of the compounds:<>As a result of chromatographic study including column and<>TLC, the following compounds were isolated in pure form.<>1. Mixture of palmitic and stearic acid.<>2. Mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol.<>3. Oleic acid.<>4. Di (3, 4, 5- trihydroxy phenyl) ether (First isolation from
nature) (New compound).<>5. 5, 6, 8, 4’-tetrahydroxy isoflavone. (First isolation from<>nature) (New compound).<>6. Robustaside A. (First isolation from genus Phyllanthus).7. 6’- (3”, 4”- dihydroxy cinnamoyl) arbutin. (First isolation bfrom nature) (New compound).8. Demethoxysudachitin (First isolation from genus<>Phyllanthus).