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Abstract
Paints and coatings include paints, varnishes, lacquers, stains, printing inks and more. A wide variety of volatile solvents are used in paint and coating manufacturing including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones and consists above 30% of most of paints.
Commonly used solvents include, isopropanol, toluene, xylene, solvent mixtures such as white spirits and the chlorinated solvents, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene. Solvents play an important role in the quality and durability of paints and varnishes.
Raw materials used to manufacture paints come as liquids, solids, powders, pastes and slurries. Accordingly, chemical hazards include exposure to these toxic substances during manual weighting, filling of mixer; operations of unclosed equipment and from spills of containers.
Organic solvents at low or moderate concentrations may cause transient symptoms such as euphoria, headache and dizziness. At high concentrations, anaesthesia and disturbances in respiration and circulation may occur and may lead to death. Long-term exposure may cause damage to the Central Nervous System (CNS), such as cognitive and emotional deficits. Toxic effects of organic solvents were reported to harm liver, kidney and skin.
We aimed in this review to study the occupational health hazards due to solvents exposure among paint industry workers and identify occupational and personal risk factors that may be associated with these health hazard.