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Abstract
Communication is the exchange of ideas and meaning between two or more persons. Failure to communicate accurately may lead to many of the problems experienced in families, in school, in social interactions and in employment.
Language is an arbitrary symbolic system that pairs sounds and signs to meaning. Speech is defined as acoustic vibrations resulting from patterns of movement of speech organs such as lips, tongue, jaw, palate and pharynx.
Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by generation of seizures and by neurological, cognitive, psychological and social consequences of this condition. The rates of epilepsy range between 20-70 per 100,000 populations per year.
The two major categories of epileptic seizures are known as partial (focal) seizures and generalized seizures. Most partial seizures are classified either as partial with elementary symptoms (motor or sensory) or partial with complex symptoms (disturbed consciousness). Generalized seizures may be tonic-clonic seizures or absence seizures.
The brain is a dynamically changing and developing organ, especially in the early years of life. Seizures can inhibit or distort brain development as well as the related functions. Seizures and seizure therapy interfere with brain functions by over activation, inhibition or destruction of vital brain functional pathways.
The incidence of speech and language problems was reported to be 24% of children with epilepsy. Dysarthria can be seen with elementary partial seizures, usually associated with more obvious ictal symptoms. A temporary articulation problem may be a postictal symptom of oral damage occurred during a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Dysfluency may be a characteristic of left complex partial seizures, as an interictal or postictal finding. Epilepsy involving the left hemisphere is most likely associated with language problems. Such problems may precede, occur simultaneously with, or follow seizures. The problems may be episodic or ongoing, if ongoing; they may result in a gradual deterioration of language abilities or delayed language development from the start. The manifestations of such problems depend on the location of the seizure disturbance. The seizure discharge may disrupt the language processing, which results in delayed language in early childhood or dysphasic symptoms if it occurs after language development. All types of expressive and receptive dysphasias may occur.