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Abstract
The present study was carried out on 48 shoulder joints of 24
healthy mature mongrel dogs. The animals were 16 males and 8
females. Their age ranged between 1 to 3 years and their weight from
10 to 20 kilograms.
Anaesthesia was induced by the intramuscular injection of
Ketamine and Xylazine combination. Maintenance of the anaesthesia
was done be intravenous administration of sodium thiopental.
The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups each by 6
dogs. Caudo-lateral approach to the shoulder joint was selected for
exposure of the caudal part of the humeral head. An articular cartilage
defect was done using 5-mm diameter electric burr.
The defect was managed in a special manner in each of the
following groups; Group I (Abrasion arthroplasty group) was
performed by induction of a superficial intracortical debridement of the
Subchondral bone. Non cutting surgical needle was used for induction
of deeper lines (4 lines) within the Subchondral bone until bleeding
was noticed. Group II (Curettage group) the drilling and curettage
was continued into the Subchondral bone for another 4-mm depth.
Group III (Forage group) Forage of the Subchondral bone was
performed by induction of multiple small holes (4 holes) in the
Subchondral bone 3-mm depth using straight non cutting surgical
needle with pointed free end. Suturing of the joint capsule, muscles
and skin were done. Control group (Group IV): Arthrotomy was
performed without any surgical intervention to the humeral head
cartilage.
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Summary
The results were evaluated by clinical examinations, postmortem
findings and histo-pathological changes. Clinical examinations
of the 4 groups reveal that there was no much difference between the
groups clinically. Most operated dogs were survived the operation
without Postoperative complications. There were no any signs of
forelimb lameness by the 4th postoperative day. There was no
evidence of a tender point in the shoulder region by the 4th
postoperative day.
Post-mortem and histo-pathological examinations using modified
Cook, et. al. (2003) grading scales were used for evaluation of the
results. Group III (forage group) was graded to be the best group in the
study while group I (abrasion Arthroplasty) was the worthiest. The
grade of group II (curettage group) was better than group I (abrasion
arthroplasty) but did not give higher scores like that of forage.