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Abstract
SUMMARY
1- The present study was designed:
A- To investigate fungal agents in the female genital organs of farm animals that failed to conceive after being bred with fertile males more than two times.
B- To study the sensitivity of the isolated fungi to some antifungal agents
C- To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration for each antifungal agents used in the sensitivity test.
2- A total of eighty five animals (35 cows, 35 buffalo-cows and 15 mares) were included in this study.
3- In cows that failed to conceive the most common fungi were Aspergillus flavus (25 cases), A. niger (18), Candida albicans (16), Cladosporium cladosporioides, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (15 each), Aspergillus fmigatus (13), Acremonium strictum, Alternaria alternata and Penicillium chrysogenum (10 each).
4- Some fungal species were reported for the first time from cows that failed to conceive as Acremonium potronii, Aspergillus parasiticus, Botryotrichum piluliferum, Chrysosporium luteum, Cochliobolus sp., Cunninghamella echinulata, Epicoccoum nigrum, Eurotium monevidense, Phoma sorghina, Scytalidium sp., Stachybotrys elegans, Stemphylium botryosum, Thamnostylum piriforme, Torula spp. and Trichoderma harzianum
5- In buffalo-cows that failed to conceive the most common fungi were Aspergillus flavus (18 cases), Candida albicans (17), Aspergillus niger (15), Cladosporium cladosporioides (11), and Emericella nidulans (10).
6- Some fungal species were reported for the first time from buffalo-cows that failed to conceive as Aphanoascus fulvescens, Aspergillus fumigatus var. albus, Chrysosporium tropicum, Emericella nidulans, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Phoma sp., Scolecobasidium constrictum, Thamnostylum piriforme, Trichoderma harzianum and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.
7- In mares that failed to conceive the most common fungi were Candida albicans (7 cases), Cladosporium sphaerospermum (7), Cladosporium cladosporioides (5), Aspergillus niger (4), Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Scopulariopsis brumptii (3 each).
8- Some fungal species were reported for the first time from mares that failed to conceive as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus clavatus, A. flavus, A. niger, Aspergillus sydowii, A. versicolor, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. sphaerospermum, Colletotrichum dematium, Eurotium montevidense, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. oxalicum, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, S. brumptii, Stachybotrys chartarum and Trichoderma harzianum.
9- In control groups:
a- In cows, Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from only one cow.
b- In buffalo-cows, Aspergillus flavus was isolated from only one buffalo-cow, but Candida spp. were isolated from three buffalo-cows.
c- In mare, no fungi were isolated.
10- Seven antifungal therapeutic agents were tested against seventeen fungal isolates from cows, buffaloes and mares that failed to conceive using the disc diffusion method.
11- The most effective antimycotic agents used on all fungi tested were nystatin at concentration 1250 IU/ml = 250 µg/ml, terbinafine at concentration 5 mg/ml and ketoconazole at concentration 5 mg/ml. This followed by miconazole at concentration 10 mg/ml, fluconazole at concentration 10 mg/ml and povidine iodine (betadine antiseptic at concentration 100 mg/ml but griseofulvin was not effective against any of the fungi tested.
12- The minimum inhibitory concentration of nystatin on the tested fungi ranged from 15.625 to125 µg/ml, terbinafine ranged from 39.0625 µg/ml to 2.6 mg/ml and ketoconazole ranged from 78.125 µg/ml to 2.5 mg/ml while the MICs of miconazole ranged from 625 µg/ml to 5 mg/ml but MICs of fluconazole ranged from 1.25 to 5 mg/ml. The MICs of povidine iodine (betadine antiseptic) ranged from 25 to 50 mg/ml.