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Abstract . Effect of SomeNutrients and Methods of Application on The Yield and Quality of ; Flax. (Linumusitatissimum, L.) The yield am Quality of Flax The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels, nitrogen forms aDi methods of fertilizer application as well as the effect of SOIll!l micronutrients on the yield and quality of flax. This study was conducted at Bahtim Agricultural Research Station, KalUbiB Governorate d~~ing 1977/78. 1978/79 aDi 1979/80 seasons. ~wo experiments were carried out in each season. The soil of the experiments was clay loam, with a pH value of about 8.3 and contained about 1.92 % organic matter. A split-plot design with four replications was used for all experiments. The sise of the sub-plot was 8.4 m 2 (J.5 x 2.4 m) •• 1/500 fad. The seeding rate was 65 kg/fad. in each experiment in the three seasons. Flax cultivar Giza 4 was used in this investigation. The first experiment included 12 treatments which were the combination of three Napplication methods am four Nfertilizer levels. Napplication methods were: soil appl:W.ation, soil spray and foliar spray. Nlevels were: Zez:o”.10. 20 am 30 kg/fad. Characters studied a. straw charaoters: plant height, techniea1 length and straw yield (kg/fad.). b. Seed characters: number of fruiting branches,number of oapsules/plant, seed index, seed yield (kg/fad.), oil percentage and oil yield (kg/fad.). d. Fiber characters: fiber yield (kg/fad.), fiber percentage and fiber fineness. The second experiment included 24 treatments which were the combination of three forms of nitrogen fertilizer and 8 treatments of micro-nutrients. Nitrogen fertilizer forms were: ammonium sulphate (20.5 % N), ammonium nitrate with lime (33.5 % N) and urea (46 % N). Nitrogen level was 30 kg N/fad. Micro-nutrient treatments were: Control, Zn, Cu, Mn, Zn + cu, Zn + ~m,Cu + Mn and Zn + Cu + 1ill1. Micro-nutrients were sprayed twice at a concentration ot 0.1 %. T~e first spray was done at a rate of 300 l/fad. at 43 days from sowing and the second spray was at a rate of 600 I/fad. at 64 days from sowing. Amounts of Mic~o-nutrients applied were: 3.927 kg/fad. of ZnS04,7H20 (Zn). 3.534 kg/fed. of CUS04, 5H20 (cu)’, 1.412 kg/fad. of MnS0 4 • H20 (Mn). !rhese amounts were applied when these nutrients were” used in 81Dgle ar in mixed application as well. Four plant sample s were ta;cen in the secord am third experimental seasons at 42; 63, 84 and 165 days from sowing far dry weight determination and chemical analysis, All data mentioned in the former experiment were also reoarded here in:addition to ary weight/plant and estimation of N, P, K, Zn, Cu and Mn contents. Results could be summar1zed as follows: J’IRST EXPlRlMENl’ I. ~ct of .methods of nitrogen application N application methods had no significant effect on plant height, technical length, straw yield, number of fruiting branches per plant’ number of capsules/plant, seed ;index, seed yield, oil percentage, oil yield, fiber percentage, fiber fineness and fiber vyield in the three seasons, except the latter character which was favourably affected by soil application and soil spray in the thir4 season only. Generally, soil application could be recommended as an efficier-t method of N applicatio~, SECONDEXPERIMENr I. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer forms 1. :Plant height, techninal length am straw yield were not significantly affected by Nforms in the three seasons. , 2. Ncarriers had no significant effect on number of fru.iting branches, number of capsules/plant, Beed index, s seed yield, oil percentage and oil yield, J. The t hr-e e Ncarriers, used were of similar effect on fiber yield, fiber fineness and fiber percentage, It could be concluded that amid, ammoniumand nitrate are equally effective as nitrogen fertilizers for flax, graon in Egypt. II. Effect of micro-nutrient.s 1. Plant height, technic a1 length and straw yie ld were not significantly affected by micro-nutrient treatment s in the three seasons. 2. Treatments including Mneither alone or in combinations with Cu>+ Zn were superior to other treatments in their effect on the number of fruiting branches plant and number of capsules/plant. J. Mioro-nutrients showedno significant effect on seed yield am seed index in the three seasons. 4. Oil percentage and oil yield signif’i) antly increased when Mnand Cu were applied either alone or in combinations. 5. Fiber fineness was signifioahtly affected by ”micronutrients specially Cu whenapplied either alone or in combination with Zn and Mn. Fiber yield and fiber percentage were not affected by micro-nutrient application. III. Interact~cn effect There was no signif’ican1i ~1ietIIIeS1Nfcl!m&”:d·”’onutrients on all characters studied in the three seasons. IV. Dry weight 1. Dry weight/plant was signif’icantly affected by 1~forms during the different stages of growth in both seasons of det erminat ion. 2. Micro-nutrient application had significant effect OD dry weight/plant and seed weight/plant in both seasons. The highest dry weight were obtained \”benZn and Mnwere applied either alone or in combinationlJ, whereas the highest seed dry weights weN given by Mnand Cu either alone or in cambinations. 3. Dry weight/plant was sign1ficantly affected ’by the interaction between B forms and Illioro-nu;trient s at 63 days in both season and at 84 days in 1978/79 season. also, seed dryy weight/plabt was significantly affeoted by that interaction in both seasons. V. Chemical content: a. nNitrogen co~teni 1. lIhere was no olear trend forthe superiority of a certain li oarrier on Nperoentage and Noontent in’·plant and seed. 2. Npel’ClEltltagime reased significantly as a result of micronutrient applioation. Best results were obtained WhenZn, Cu and MIl were applied in combinations. 3. The interaction between N forms and micro-nutrients had a significant effect on Noontent at 63 and 165 days in 1978/79 and at 63, 84 and 165 days in 1979/80. Seed N content was also affected”by this interaotion in 1978/79 only. b. Phosphorus oontent 1. N forms were iDgenera1 of equal eff’:l.cienoy on P percentage in flax plant at different gr \wth stages. At harvest, P content of plant and seed was f’aYou:-- rably affected with urea in 1979/80 season While the three forms gave a similar effect in 1978/79 season. 2. Kic”o-nutrient app1:lcation caused an increase’ in P both seaBon ani at 84 days in 1978/79 season. also, seed dry’S weight/plabt was significantly affected by that interacti.on in both seasons. V. Chemical.contents a.. nNitrogen c0!1ten~ 1. ~ere Viasno clear trena forthe superiority of a certain :tl carrier on Npercentage and Ncontent in’ .plant afJd seed. 2. Npe~abs imreased significantly as a rewlt of micronutrient application. Best results were obtained when Zn, Cu and Mnwere applied in combinations. J. The interaction between N forms ani mic~o-nutr:iSnts had a significant effeot on Ncontent at 63 and 165 days in 1978/79 ani at 63, 84 ani 165 days in 1979/80. Seed N content VlSSalso affected”by this interact1.on in 1978/79 only. b. Phosphorus content 1. N forms were ingeneral of equal efficiencY’ on P percentage in flax plant at different gr \wth stages. At harvest, l’ content of plant and seed wa. fa.OI1~· rably affected with urea in 1979/80 season wh1.lethe three forms gave a similar effect in 1978/79 season. 2. MicI1o-nutr1.entapplication caused an increase’ in P percentage in flax at different growth stages as well ael at harvest in both seasons, while micro-nutrient application increased P percentage in seed only in 1978/79 season. 3. The interaction between N forms and micro-nutrient shad a significantly effect on P content at 63, 84 and 165 days frOE sowing in 1978/79 and at 63 and 165 days in 1979/80. Also P content in seeds was significantly influenced by the interact ion between N forms and mieronutriento in both seasons. c. Pota8s11lillcontent 1. K content in”.plant and seed was favourably affected by ammoniumnitrate in 1978/79 season, whereas wuree.was more effective in 1979/80 at later stages of growth. 2. Micro-nutrient application had no effecton K percentage in seed in 1978/19 and 1979/80 seasons. In general, all micro-nutrient treatDllnts increased Kuptake as compared with the control as a result of increasing dry matter content. 3. Kuptake by flax plants was s18nificptly affected by N forms x micro-nutrient interaction at 63, 84 and 165 clays in 1978/79 season. K content in seeds was significantly affected by this interaction 1D both seasons. d. ~i!lc content 1. N forme had no clear effeot on Zn conoentration in plant but Zn content {ug/plant} respo11ded to N farms as a reault of an increase in dry matter content. 2. Zn conoentration was affected by micro-nutrient application. The highest Zn concentration at 165 d~Y8was obtained frOl1l plant streated with Zn + Cu in 1978/79 aM Zn + Mnin 1979/80 seaeons. MicrQ-nutrient application encou::::agedthe uptake of Zn by flax. 3. Zn conter ..t ’.11 flax was significantly affected by the 11\t interaotion ·~twedn N forms and micro-nutrients at 63 and 165 dayF. i~ ~~78/79 and at 63, 84 and 165 days in 1979/80 season. Also Zn content in seed was significantlTaffect~~ by this interaction in 1978/79 season only. e. Conpp~ content 1. Cu co’lcentration was markedlr af:tected by N torms in both seasons. A~onium nitrate an1 urea eMouraged Cu uptake by flax. 2. The h;.p;l:est Cu concentrations were observed when Cu -. applied either alone or in combinations with Zn and Mn. ). Micro-nutrients ingeneral am Cu in particu.lar markedly 1ntluenced Cu uptake by flax. |