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Abstract
The present work was designed to study the effect of
enviromneni:al. variat.ions on the main fiber properties
including f’iber length parameters (2.5, 12.5 percent span
1engths and unif’orcity ratio), micronaire reading, flat
bundle strength at zero in. gauge length, f’1at bundle
strength and elongation at 1/8 in. gauge 1ength and yarn
strength.
The studied cultivars Giza 67 and Giza 69 were
represented inc1uded by propagation strains grown in 1973
and 197~ seasons.
In the case of’ the variety Giza 67, five propagation
strains, namely; 6S, 69, 70, 71 and 7a were grown in the
first season, and in the second season 197~, stra~n 68 and
69 were dropped.
>;=j-- / -:
In the CasO of’ the variety Giza 69, six propagation
strains, name1y; 67, 68, 69, 70. 71 and 7a ~re grown in
the first season and in the second season 1974, strain 67
was dropped and a new strain, 7J, was introduced.
When the new strain is re1eased by the breeder, it
is of a homog-eDOUS fiber properties, but as the area in
whi.ch it is grQwnis expanded, the homogenity is p.xpected
to decr~se mainly due to the environmental effects,
especiaily those factors associated with indiviqual farmers.
A substantial loss in homogenity is undesirable. Therefore,
this study was carried out on the various propagation strains
of the ’two cultivars G.iza 67 and Gize 69, to through l.ight
on the state of homogenity of the qua1ity characters of
All tiber tesi:”swere carried out under standard
atmosphere of 70 D F !.. a and 65” t. a rel..e.ti ve humidity f in
the laboratories of Cotton Technology Research Division.
The resu1ts obtained ~n this investigation could be
summarized as follows:
I- Giza 67 Cu2tivar:
1. With respect to a,,~S.L. (mean length), in 1973 season,
the strains 68 and 69 were lower than the other strains
70, 71 end 72, while in 197~ seeson the averages of
the strains 70, 71 and 7a were comparable. The C.V.%
values ~nged from 2.76% for strain 71 end 3.67% for
strain 70 in 1971 seeson, and in 1974 season the C.V.%
values were generally l~r than those of the preceding
see-son end renged between a.lS% for strain 70 and 2.56~
:for strein 71.
a. The everages of la.5~ S.L. for the different strains
grown in 1973 seeson were comparabl.e. The C.•v.% ’Va~ues
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in 1973 season ranged from 1.8~ for s’train 72 and 5.~8~
ror strain 70, while in 197~ seeson. ’these values varied
rr~ a.13~ for strain 72 and ,.ao~ ror strain 70.
3. Length uniformi -ty ratioS of’ the ’two .trains 68 and 69
~re higher than the other strains. Which is due to
sPan length 2.5% of the ~o strains being lower ’than
the others. Uniformity ratios or strains 70, 71 and 72
in 197q season were closely comparable and higher than
1973 seeson. The C.V.% values in 1973 season were
1..•48 -4-.17% for strains 68 end 71, respectively. Thil.e
in 1.97q.seaSon they were l.ower being 1.32 - 1.52% for
str~inM 71 end 70, respectively.
q.. Micronaire ree.ding for s’trains 68 and 69 .-as lower than
strains 70, 71 end 72 in 1973 seeson. In the contrary
microneire reading was higher in 1.97q.season. C.V.%
ve.l.uesof 197J season ranged from 6.81% to 9.0% for
strains 7a and 70, respectively, while in 1974 seeson
it ranged between 6.,~ and 9.48~ for strains 71 and
70, respec’tively.
5. As far Pressl.ey index, stndn 68 bed the lowest si:rength
while the other s’trains were nearly of the same level
in the first SOason. Xn the second season strain 72 wes
reletiTe1y higher ~ban the other strains 70 and 71.
C.V.% values were ).70 and ~.81~ for strains 71 end 68,
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respec’tively, ir.L the first seasori , and renged from 3.76
to l.i • .3li~ for strains 70 and, 71 respectively in the
second seeson.
6. Fiber bundle stJoength et 1/8 inch gauge as es’tima’ted by
t.he stelometer i.nstrument. ranged between )2.0” g/tex
and 33.77 g/tex for strains 70 end 71 respect.ively in
197.3 season, whj.1ein 197” see,son it. ranged be’tween
32.56 g/tex end 33.62 g/tex for st.rains 70 end 72
respectively. C••V.%values of first season ranged
be’tween 3.80% and 5.86U for strains 71 and 68 respect.-
ively and betweon 4.1076 and 4.9776 for st.reins 70 and
72 respectively in second seeson.
7. Fiber elongatiol1 as estimated by stelometer instrument
re.nged be’tween 6.65% and 7.04% for s’trains 70 and 68
respectively in first seeson, while in second seeson
it ranged betwel}D6.61% and 6.7476 for strains 71 and
70 respectively .• C.V.%values of’ first season renged
between 5.0076 8l:1d 7.8o,~ for s’trains 69 and 71 respect •.
ively end renged. between ’.58% end 6.a9% for streins
72 and 70 in set:;:.ondseeson, respectively.
8. Tarn strength i:[1 first seasO~ was ranged from 2020 to
2095 for s’trains 68 and 71, respec’tively. :In the second
seeson ranged f:t’OID aoso to al70 for su-ains 70 end 7a
respec’tive1y. C.V.%ve.1ues in 1”irs’t seaSOD ranged
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bet.ween 4:•.02~ end 5 •.75~ for st.re.:i_ns 71. and 70 respec-tive1y,
while 1~ ~~s lower in second sceson being 3 •.11%
to 3..63~ for streins 71 end 70, rezpectively.
In generel, it h~s been found th&t C.V .. ~ values for
all chC’.re.ctcrs ””Ilere lOl’Ter in 197~ seGSOD th,;:n in 1973 a ea s on I
:in spite.of increesing the c:.ree.s cult.ive.ted with t~e newer
strains in ~he second sOeson. It. ’Wasfound elsa that the
-
cheracters affect.ed ~,y erivd r-onmorrea L verie~ions were fineness
ana r;1e. ”t~.1ri”ty, followed by elongation. Lengt.!l ’lIreS t.he
least effec-ted c~’le.r2.(;t.cr, while :PreSSley index, fiber bundle
st.rength for 1/8 inc::1 gauge and ye.r:l strength were interme
dda te ..
1. Means of ~.5% ape.n leng-t~ f’or ell s’trains over the two
seasons. were coope.reble. C.V .. 7;: values re.nged in 1973
frO£:! 1.2870 to 2.~~2~ for strains 72 and 70, respec·{;i~.~ely.
In 197~ see.,:3O::li.1; ranged f’z-om2.04:% to 2.70% for strei.ns
69 and 68, rer;pect.ively.
2. ”1’ -t. .• t ]...5’::/ 5 • l.. n respec C 0 . .:’J. 7. ..1TJ. for s-train 71 wes lower t~en
o-ther strains ~rlu.ch were closely comparably in 1973
seesoTIJ ~i1e in 197~ all strains were almost equal
and sornewha’t higher t:”1e~ 1973. C.V.% velues in 1973
ranged from 1.75j~ to 3.451. for strains 70 and 68
respectively u:”’1iJ.e in 1974 it ranged froo 2•.14-%to
-_.. ~~- ._._--_._-~~--- .~----~. --- ----~~--_ .._ .._-~
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2.96i~ for strEdns 73 and 68, respectively.
J. Length un;i.f’oroity ra,tios were generally of’ same level
for the various strains in 1973 except strain 71 which
had a lower ratio than the others. In 1974 ell strains
were closer to each other, and all meens of’ 1974 were
higher than 1973 means. C.v.~values ranged in 1973
f’rom 0.98% to 2.01% for strains 70 end 71 respectively,
while in 1974 it ranged from 1.4a~ to 1.80% for streins
68 end 7a, respectively.
4. Micronaire reading for streins 67 and 68 were lower
then other strains in 1973 while in 1974 strains 68
and 69 were the least mature than other strains. hI1
strains were moz-e ma1;urein 1974 ’than in 1973. C.V.%
values in 197) %’angedfrom 6.0516 to 8.999’6 for strains
70 and 71 respec,tively while in 1974 it ranged from
4.06% to 4.56% f~or strains 69 end 70 respectively.
5. Pressley index :f”orstrain 66 was sOID~e.’t10wer wh&le
all other strair~ were closely comperab1e in 1973. In
1974: it ranged 1~rom9.49 to 9.86 for s’trains 68 and
73, respecUTel~r. C.V.% values in 197’ ranged from
a.55)’; ’to ’.17% :;t;’or strains 72 end 68 respect:ive1y and
in 197-’i it re.ngnd from 2.93% ’to ’.77-iJ for st:rains 73
aDd 68 r~.spect:i,re1y.
6. Fiber ·t:m.cne s1:J:oeng’tbve1ues e’t 1/8 inch gauge as
~~~----~-...~.~.--
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estimated by stelometer instrument were equa~ for 81.1
strains, except for strain 71 whfeh somewhat lower than
the othe.r stre.irLs.Xn the second season the val.ues were
equal :for ell s1;re.inse.nd higher then the respective
ones in the prec~eding yee.r. C. V.r-: va1.ues in the first
seeson renged f]:”otJ!.1a7~ to 5. 6~ for the strains 72
and 67, respecti.veJ.y. Whil.e in the second seeson it
ranged from 2.5? to ’.59% for the strains 73 and 68
respectively.
7. Fiber el.onge.tioJ:rlanged between 7.1.576and 7.40% for
strains 67, and 68, respectively in the first season.
TNhereas, in the second seeson it ranged from 6.~9~to
6.78~ for the strains 70 and 69, respectively. In the
first seeson tha C.V.% values renged from 3.28~ to
’.92% for the strains 7a and 67, respectivel.y, while
in the second seeson it ranged from Z.2S~ to 5.4,~ for
the strains 7’ and 71, respect~ve1y.
8. Tarn strength rQnged in the first seeson from 2000 to
aao5 for the strains 71 and 66 respectivel.y, while in
the second seeson the mean va1ues were al,S, 2155 and
aa60 for straiD~ 71, 72 end 69 respec~ive1y. c.v.*
va1ues ranged i’rom .3.l~ to 8.99% for ’the streins 70
and 7l respec’t:i.ve1y in the first season, whereas in
’the second sea:!~onit re.nged from ’.19~ to 3.70% for
’the stre.ins 69 and 70 respectively_
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In genere.l, i 1; has been concluded the.t -the characters
most affected by e~,~ronmental variations were fineness and
me.turi ty, f’ol1owed l)y elongation, while length was the least
affected character hy environmental veria.’tions. Yern strength1
f’i.berbundle streng·~h for 1/8 inch gauge and Pressley index
were almost steble J:!lS to the environmen’t effect.
In conclusion, it appears that, increasing the ~rea
grown by any known strain, within the practical limits
adopted for Egyptian cottons, does not result in a marked
variation in qua1ity parameters that might effect its
market. This may be dua to the fect that weather variations
within the relatively small aree grown by any strain or,
even any varie’ty, ere negligible~ A~so, the variations
among individual fermers growing e. strain seems to be not
large enough to show itself on the hornogenity of fiber end
yarn quality.
111- Role tionshiR bEtWeen Fiber end Yarn Properties:
1. !!!!~~!~~!!!e_!?~;~!~..!~~_!!.:.2L2:,~~_!’~S_~:-~~!!!E!!2
There wes pOflitive and high1y significant corre1etion
between l2.5i$ S.L. and yarn streng1;h for strains 68, 69 and
70 of Giza 67 ve.riEttyin 1973 seeson as well as the strains
70, 71 and 72 of the seme variety in 197’* see.son.
For Gize 69 ntrainsJ the coefficients of ccrrel..ation
was positive and bjLghly sign:ificant for sa-ains 68 and 71
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in 1973 season, end the strains 70, 71, 72 And 73, ~nd
s~gnificant for tne strain 68 in 1974 season. However, in
the two seasons, cOI;tf’ficients ,of correlation were positive
and highly signif’icl~nt for both Gize. 67 and Giza 69
varieties involved in ’this study.
There ~”’asposi’tive end highly significar:.:t correle tion
be’tween 2.’% 5.1;. and yarn strength f’or G.iza 67 strains •
68 e.nd 70 i.n 1973 S4;tason,.and :foJ.’ s”tre.i~B 70 end 71 an.d
significant for the strain 72 in 197~ seesor-.
For. Giza 69 s”trains, the coefficients of corre1e tion
’/I-erepos!”ti ve end I-dghly significant for strains 68 and 71
in 1973 season, and ~he strain 6& ~n 197~ season. aowever,
in ~ha tv.o seesons, coeffic~e~ts of corr.e1ation were
positive and highly significant ~or booth Gi~e. 67 and Giza
69 varlet:i.es.
, • Re.!.ati.o:lship be-tween ~iber Length Ul1.i:fo:-mtyi. and Yarn ___ ••• ~ __ •• .,.,.._ ,. __ • 9_ •• • -.. ••••.•• ...--_-.....s ,_ ...• _
T~ere was pos:lt:i7e and bigh1y signit’ice.n”t correl.a”tion
67 strains number 6B, 69 and 70 in 1973 season, end ~e
straias 70 and 71 1311974 seeson.
For, Gi.sa 69 s~tre.ina, the coeft’icien’ts of’. correia tion
----->~------
- 1~2 -
were positive and. highly s:i.gnificant fo~ strains 68 and 71
in 19’73 season,. and the stre.ins 70, 71, 72 and 7’ in the
1971.1: season •.
In the 1973 S~JaSOi’l the relationship between micronaire
ree,di;.1.S and yarn strength for str~in 68 of Giza 67 variety
was positive arid hig:ll.y signi:ric~.nt, whi1e in 1974 seeson.,
i~ ~.s positive a~e highly signif~can~ fo~ strains 70 an~
72, and sig~ficent Xor t~e str~in 72 in 1974 s~ason.
Fe:;;- Gize 69 s1:re.in5, the coe:t:fic1.ents c,f corre~ation
wera pooi.tive e,nd h:i.Shl:r si:gn::’f”icen”t 1’or strain 71, and
st~a:in 73 in ~97q. S~~aSon. auWbyer, in ’the two seesono,
coef”ficicnts or con’e1ation were positive and nign1y
significe.nt for G.:tzc;~67, end in 197.3 aca ao’n for Gize. 69
only.
5. Re!.a ti.onEr.. •.-..: bei~Tesr: ?re,3s~ev J.:ndQx au} :!”.~ There WSB p oed, ’ti ve end hig~ -:-r c:ig:rl.:f”:i.C!l:lt corr-e1.a tion
be-tween Press~ey :index end ’Yarn streng-th for G.iza 0’/ anc.
i.ts s~J:.·ei.n3 70, 71 2:nd 72 ;;.n 1974 r.a~r:oL. on1y.•
For Giza 69 si;rains t ’t~e coef’ficien”t of’ corre1e. ’t:i.O:.J.
lfeS posi .tj_ ve end hi~~hl.ysigni.:tie.atl’t for ’the str~in 71. in
1973 aeeson, neget~,~ and signi:ticent fo~ the strciL 73
in 1.974 season.
There WaS posi~ive end high1y significant correla~ion
between fiber tenecity and yarn streng~h for strains 68 end
70 of Giza 67 in 1973 seeson, and the s~rains 70 and 71 in
1974 seeson.
For Gize. 69 strains, the coefficients of correlation
were positive end hi.;;hl.y significe,nt for strain 67, 5ignificen~
for the strail!lS70, 71 and 72 in 1973 season, and
strains 68, 69, 70, ’71 and 73 in 197’* season. Coefficient:s
of correlEl,’tionwere posi ti ve end highly significant f’or
Giza 67 and G.iza 69 co eeon ve.rieties in the two seaSons.
There wes posi~~ive and significe.n~ corre1.ation be~ween
Ciber elongation and yarn strength for Giza 69 s~rain 68
in 1973 season, and ,~hestrain 71 in 1974 season, while
strains 70 and 73 showed negative and high1y significant
correlation coef’f’icionts in t~e seme season.
:I~ shoul.d be noticed thet ~be s~reinB which showed
insignificen~ correl.lltion coef’ficients were not mention~d.