الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
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.r..:.v.--=-------S--11•.:/11;ARY I
Two field experiment s were carried out at the
Research and Experiment al Station of the Faculty of
Agricultural Science at ~shtohor, Zagazig University,
Kalubia Governorate, Egypt, in 1979 and 1980 seasons, to
investigate the effect of plant density and phosphoruB
fertilizer on th~ yield, yield components and seed content
of ”oybean.
Soyr.ean variety nCalland” an early maturing, variety,
was used in this mrk.
A split plot design with 4 replications was used.
The main plots were occupied by population density and
the Bub-plot I!I ”/fere devot ed to the phosphorus fertilizer
rates. The sub-plot area was 10.5 m~ (3 x 3.5 m)
l/400/fad. which contained five ridges.
Eaeh. experiment included ,)) treatments which were
tne oombination ot tv«) distances between hills, three
numbers of plants per hill and five rates of phosphorus
fertilizer.
1-
Populations densities were:-
D:z.: Whioh was 35,000 plants/fad .•
(2:> em spaoing distance and one plant/t:1i.l.l).
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2- DZ : Which was 70.000 pI ant s/f ad.
(3) em spacing distance and tv~ pl ant sl hill) •
J- D) •• Which was 70,000 plant slf ad.
(10 em spacing, distance and one pl~t/hill) •
4- D4 •• Whicn waS 105,000 plants/fad.
(20 cmspacing distance and three pI ant s/ nill ) •
5- ~: Which was 140 ,000 plants/fad.
(10 em spacing distano e end two pI ant s/ hill) •
6- D6 •• Which was 210,000 plants/fad.
(10 em spacing distance and three plant s/hill).
Phosphorus fertilizer treatments were, zero, 10,
3J, ”:1Jand 40 kg P205/fad•
The type 01’ soil ’flas clay loam, tile pH value was
a and it a organic matt e1’ content was 1.5S and the a,vai-
Iable P waS t.\) ppm.
Charac~ ers at udied:
1- Growth characters: The following date. were recorded
at 45 and 90 daYs from ~wing:
1- Plant height in CIIl.
2- NlDber ot branches, leaTes and pods/plant.
)- Dry weight of branchelJ, leaves, pods and
total dry we1ghtlp1ant.
ott- 13~-
4- Total dry weight/m2 (at 90 days from planting).
5- Leaf area/plant and Leaf area index (LAr).
6- Total chlorophyll and caroteno1ds.
II- Flowering and maturity dates.
111- ~t harvest, the following dat a were recorded:
1- Plant height in em.
2- NUlilbcr of branches/plant.
3- Stem dinmeter in rom.
4- Uumber of pods/plant.
5- Number of seeds/pod.
6- Humber of seeds/pI ant.
7- Weight of pods/pla,..’tlt in gm,
8- Weight of seeds/pod in gm,
9- Weight of 100 seeds in am,
10- Weight of seeds/plant in gill.
11- Seed/straw ratio.
12- Seed yield kg/f ad.
13- Straw yield kgjfad.
14- ~rotein yield kg/fad.
15- Oil yield kg/fad.
IV- Ohemical content:
1- N1.:trogen, phosphorus and potassium content
in the different parts of plant (i.e. leaves,
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stems and pods at 45 and 90 days from planting
as well as seed oontent from these element s at
harvest.
2- Crude protein percentage and oil percentage.
The following are the mogt important results:
I- -E-~ff-e-c-t---o..f.-..population density: •....•.----.-.--~--~--_.--...-.
1- At 45 days from planting, plant height and leaf
area index were significantly increased by increa-’
sing population density in both seasons. Tue number
of branches and leaves/plant, dry weight of leaves/
plant, total dry weight and leaf area per plant
were significantly decreased by increasing plant
density in 1979 season. The effect of population
densi ty on dry weight of branchea per pI ant was 00-:;
significant in the t seasons.
2- At 90 days from plant -,ng , the increase in populat ion
density up to 210,000 plants/fad. resulted in decreasing
significantly he number and dry weigbt ot
branches, leaves a.nd ds and, total dry weight/
plant and leaf area p r plant in both seasons. On
the other hand, the w8ight/m~ and lea!
sing population
increased by increay
in both seasons, whereas the
area index were sig
--_._-_ .. . _._----------
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plant height ShOW0d the same trend in 1980 season
only.
3- Population density had no significant effect on
chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b. chlorophyll a + b
and carotenoids at early stages of growth (45 days
from planting) in both seasons. Chlorophyll a,
chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids content in leaveD
were significantly decrea~ed by increasing
plant density up to 210.,000 plants/fad. at 90 days
fl~m planting in 1979 season.
4- Neither flow~ring nor maturity were significantly
affected by population density in both seasons.
5- At harvesting time, the plant height was significantly
increased, while stem diameter and number of
branches were significantly decreased by increasing
plant density in both seasons.
6- Yield components, namely, number of pods and seeds/
plant, number of seeds/pod and the weight of pods
and seeds per plant were significantly decreased by
increasing population density in both seasons.
Popula-’~ion density did not affect seed weight/pod,
lOO-seed weigb.t and seed! straw ratio in t he two
seasons.
- ~ - - - ------------~----------
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7- Seed yield per fad. of soyboan was significantly
incX’e E’sed by increasing population density in both
seasons. The plant density of 140 ,000 plantsifad.
achieved the highest seed yield, i.e., 1167 and
1610 kg/fad., in 1979 and 1980. respectively.
8- Straw yield per fad. significantly increased due
to plE~t density, whereas the highest average was
obtained at 140,000 and 210,000 plants/fad. treatments
in 1979 and 1980, respectively. On the other
hand, the lowest straw yield was obtained at t~’l6
lowest density (35,000 plants/fad.).
9- The plant density of 140,000 plants/tad. achieved
the highest protein yield, i.c., 361 and 536 kg/
fad. in 1979 and 1980 seasons, respectively. On
the contrary, the lowest plw1t density (35,000
plants/fad.) produced the lowest protein yield in
both seasons.
10- Increaeing plant density sigluficantly increased
oil yield in both seasons. .A. density of 140,000
plant slf ad. gave the higtlest oil yields whioh were
296 and ))7 kg/fad. in 1979 and 1980 t respectively.
11- The different population densities exhibited no
pronounced affect on the conc(jutration of II and K
--- -~_.~--_.
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in leaves and stems at 45 daYs from planting,
whereas, F concentration significantly decreased
by Lncreaed.ng population densitJi·. The absolute
amomrt of the three elements in leaves and stems
was increased by decreasing plant density.
12- At 90 days from planting, If.PK content in leaves,
stems and pods were not affected by increasing population
density. On the other hand, the absolute
aar~ountof tile three elements in the different parts
of soybean plants decreased by increasing plant density.
in both seasons.
13- Plant density had no significant effect on N, P and
K percentage in soybean seeds at harvest, while the
aJDOtu1t of N, P and K as lLg/pl8J.it ’Was clearly decreased
by increasing plant deuBity.
14- Crude protein percentage was Generally decreased and
011 percentage was increased by increasing population
density, but these effects did not reach the
level of significance.
11- .Effect 01’ phosphatic fertilizer:
------------ ..--- •••.•• p
1 - ,Addingphosphatic fertilizers from.10 to 40 kg
P~5/fad. did not ~xert s1gnif~cant effect on
plant height, n\.lllber of brancL.cs, and 1 eaTes .’
~------_._-_. __._.
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plant, dry weight of branches, leaves and tot al
dry weight/plant, leaf area per plant and lest
area index at 45 day e from sowin[’” in both. seasons.
2 - At 90 days from sowing, application of phosphatic
fertilization at all levels showed not significant
effect on growth characters studi0d in both seasons
except that of LAl which. was SiCllifioe,.”’ltly increased
in 1979 S’18S0U.
<I, _
J - Adding phospha.tic fertilizer had no significant
effect on chlorophyll at chlorophyll b and their
total content either at early or at later growth
stages in both seasons. j,lso I ca,rotenoids content
in soybea.n loaves Vias significantly aff ectad at
90 days r rou, planting in 1979 neascn , The highest
caro t enoLda corrt errt was obtained when P Vias applied
at the rate of )J kg P20S/fad.
4 - Neither flowering nor maturit;y were significantly
affected by P fertilizer levels in both saasons.
5-- At harvest Lng time, phosphorus levels under study
had no significant effect on plant heignt, stem
diaPleter and n1.l1lber of branches per plam in both
seasons.
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6 _ Yield components, n&1wly t number and weight of
pods/plant, number and weight of seads/pod. number
and weight of sefJds/plant, weight of 100 seeds and
seed/straw ratio were not significe~tly affeoted
by pho sphorus application in both seasons.
7- Effect of phosphorus on sced. straw, protein and
oil yields per faddan Vias not significant in both
aeasona,
8- At early stage of growth (45 days from planting)
N, p. and K content either as percentage or as
absolute aIl10unt in leaves and stems of soybean
were not significantly influenced by P application
in bot h seasons.
9- At 90 cays from planting, nitrogen content in
different parts of soybean pl~”’ltE:: showed no significairt
response to pne sphozua , Neither nitrogen
percentage nor absolute nitrogen contont in these
organs i:lcreased due to P application in both
seasons.
.v”_
10- Phosphorus application significantly resulted in
incrcEl.sing tile phosphorus percentage in stems and
pods at 90 days from planting in both seasons.
Percentage of P in leaves sb.owed the saPle trend
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in tho frist season. The absolute P content in
leaves, steffis and pods increased as a result of
applying P in both seasons.
11- Potasoium cont ent in at 6111S significantly increased
by P application in th8 second season, whereas, K
perccntage in leeves and pod.s wore significantly
increased at the later stare of growth in both
seasons. The absolute amount of K in different
parts was increased by Lno re asf.ng phosphabd,c fertilizeI’.
12- .All levele of P applied had no significant effect
on N ana K content in soybean seeds oither as percentage
or as absolute amount. in both aeasona,
Phonpho z-us application significantly increased the
P percentage in seeds. Consequently P content on
soybean seeds mgJplant showed marked increase due
to the P fertilizer rates.
13- The crude protein and oil percentage in soybean
seeds showed no significant response to P level s
under stud:! in both seasons.
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111- E.,ffe”c”..t......_o. f__ the in~t--e-..~..action bHe_~tween pop-u..~lation densit..y
1 - The effect. of the interaction between population
density and pho sphatic fertilizer was not significant
for, all characters under study except, number
lW-d vleiL’ht of pods/plant at harvesting time in 1980,
P pe rcerrt age in stems at go da.Ys from planting in
both seasons and P percentage in seeds at harvest
in 1980 season:...:
2 - The highest number of pods/pla..”lt at harvest was
obtained from 35,000 plants/fad. density with 3D
kg PtJ5/fad. level, wnerees, the lowest one ”RaS
obt ained from 210,000 pI ant sl fad. with )J kg P2°51
fad.
) - The highest weight of pods/plant at harvest was
obtained at density of 35,000 plants/fad. with
40 kg PfJ5/fad. level, and the lowelft one was
obtained at 210,000 plant a/fad. density with unfertilized
plants.
4 - In 1979 season, the highest P percentage in stems
at 90 days froPl planting was ou1ia1ned at 70,000
plants/fad. (D) with 40 kg Pt’5/fad. level and
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at the same density and 2) kg PtJ5/fad. level
in the second season. The lowest P percentage
was obtained at 105,000 plants/fad. density
vrl:~h~’1.terti1ized treatment in 1979 and at
140 ,000 plants/fad. and the control treatment
in 1980.
5 - The highest ? content in seeds wae obtained at
140,000 plants/fad. density with 3D kg P2051
fad. level, whereas, the lov~st P content was
obtained at 35,000 plants/fad. density with
unfertilized treatment.