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Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells characterized by self renewal,
multipotency, long term tissue repopulation after transplantation , serial
transplant ability and when divide the daughter cell can either fully
differentiated or remain stem cell. Haematopoietic stem cells can be
differentiated into hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, brain cells, hair follicles
and sebaceous glands, epithelial and nonepithelial cell types in the
kidney, islet cells in pancreas, type II pneumocytes in the lungs, mucous
secreting cells in the stomach, goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells in
the intestine. For treatment of genetic diseases, transplantation of
genetically modified autologous marrow would avoid many of the risks
of allogenic transplants. It is used in treatment of many diseases as cystic
fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, immunodeficiency diseases,
some types of anemias like thalassemia and sickle cell anemia and in
wound healing, gastero-intestinal diseases and autoimmune diseases.
Recent new insights into stem cell biology have changed our
understanding of regenerative activities in the infarcted heart and have
raised considerable hopes for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at
cardiomyocyte replacement/regeneration through cell transplantation
(”cellular cardiomyoplasty”).