الفهرس 
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Abstract
aromatic plants research branch, barrage, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, in the current study chamomile, cumin and lemongrass essential oils were chosen , three samples from each essential oil produced from chamomile, cumin and lemongrass plants produced in three different places of Egypt were taken as follows : Chamomile essential oil
El Fayoum governorate Bani sweif governorate el mena governorate
Cumin essential oil El Menya governorate
Assiut governorate Sohag governorate
lemongrass essential oil El Kaluobia governorate El fayoum governorate
Bani sweif governorate the physical and chemical properties, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity against growth of some microorganisms for every one of essential oils under study were fully investigate!, 1- Determination of physicochemical properties of essential oil samples.
A) Chamomile essential oil samples from El Fayoum, Bani Sweif and El Menya Governorates in Egypt - The physicochemical properties (specific gravity at, 15° c, refractive index, solubility, acid number, ester number and ester number after acetylation) of each oil were as follows : Specific gravity at 20° c0.9473, 0.9704, 0.9716
Refractive index 1.4848, 1.4725 1.4950
Solubility soluble inl.2vol of 90% alcohol acid number 12.3 13.1 14.4 Ester number, 6.2 7.3 9.1 ester number after acetylation 65.4
0.6 4.3B) Cumin essential oil samples from El Menya, Assiut and Sohag Governorates in Egypt
- The physicochemical properties specific gravity at 20°c, refractive index, optical rotation , solubility , acid number, ester number and total aldehydes of each oil were as follows:
- Specific gravity at 20° c
.9175,0.9206,0.9201 - Refractive index
1.5035,1.5017,1.5018 - Optical rotation
+4° 40, 4° 95,+5 ° 15 - Solubility
soluble in 1.8 vol of 80% alcohol
- Acid number 1.41, 1.37,1.50
- Ester number 25.25, 27.40, 29.20
- Total aldehydes 45.6% 48.3%
47.1% c) Lemongrass essential oil samples from El Kaluobia, El Fayoum and Bani Sweif Governorates in Egypt
The physicochemical properties (specific gravity at 15c,refractive index, optical rotation, solubility, acid number, ester number and ester number after acetylation) of each oil were as follows : - Specific gravity at 15° c 0.8564, 0.8812,
0.8900 - Refractive index 1.4863,
1.4822,1.4854 87-ptical rotation -10.58, -2.12 , -8.14 -Solubility soluble in 0.5 vol of 80% alcohol
-Acid number 2.5, 3.1, 3.4
-Ester number 21.30, 25.14, 35.08
-Ester number after acetylation 212.16, 201.24, 217.3 2) Chemical composition of the essential oil were determined by gas liquid chromatographic analysis, components was identified as follows:
a)Chamomile oil samples
1-Farnesene, 2- Caryophelene, 3- Furfural, 4- Bisabolol Oxide A, 5- a Bisabolol, 6- Camazulene, 7- Bisabolol Oxide B b)Cumin oil samples
1- a — Pinene, 2- Gama Terpinene, 3- Cuminic Aldehyde 4- P — Cymene, 5- b — Phellanderene, 6- P. Menthene 3-a1-7
7- P - Menthadiene 1,3-a1-7, 8- P-menthadiene 1,4-a1-7 c)Lemongrass oil samples 1-Limonene, 2- 5 Menthyl Heptenne, 3- Linalool,
4- B. Caryophy llene, 5- Citral b, 6- Citral a, 7- a —Terpinial, 8- Geranyl Acetate, 9- Geraniol 3) Samples of essential oils were tested for antimicrobial activity by using filter paper disc diffusion and the results were as follows I) All tested essential oil samples had antibacterial activity against growth of gram- negative (E.coli,S.typlu) and gram-positive (B.subtilis, stap.aureus)
a)Chamomile oil samples
Chamomile oil sample produced from chamomile plant cultivated in El Fayum Governorate of Egypt had the highest effect sample in gram- negative bacteria while the sample produced from chamomile plant cultivated in El Menya Governorate in Egypt had the lowest one.
Chamomile oil sample produced from chamomile plant cultivated in Bani Sweif Governorate Of Egypt had the highest effect sample in gram positive bacteria , while the sample produced from chamomile plant cultivated in El Fayoum Governorate of Egypt had the lowest one b)Cumin oil samples
Cumin oil samples produced from cumin plant cultivated in Assiut Governorate of Egypt had the highest effect sample in gram-positive bacteria while the sample produced from cumin plant cultivated in El Menya Governorate of Egypt had, the lowest one, Cumin oil sample produced from cumin plants cultivated in sohag Governorate in Egypt had the highest effect sample in gram-positive bacteria while the sample produced from cumin plant cultivated in Assiut Governorate of Egypt had the lowest onec) Lemongrass oil samples
Lemongrass oil samples produced from Lemongrass plant cultivated in El-Fayoum Governorate of Egypt had the highest effect sample in gram-negative and positive bacteria while the sample which product from Lemongrass cultivated in Bani Sweif Governorate of Egypt had the lowest one, II)All tested essential oil samples had antifungal activity against growth of fungi (A. flavus, A. Niger) All chamomile oil samples had highest effect in A. flavus while chamomile oil sample produced from chamomile plant cultivated in El Menya Governorate of Egypt was lowest one in A. niger, Cumin oil sample produced from cumin plant cultivated in Sohag Governorate of Egypt had the highest effect sample in A. flavus, while the samples produced from cumin plant cultivated in Assiut and Sohog Governorate of Egypt had the lowest effect in A. Niger, lemongrass oil sample produced from Lemongrass plant cultivated in El Kaluobia Governorate of Egypt had the highest effect sample in A. flavus and the lowest one in A. Niger, while Lemongrass oil sample produced from Lemongrass plants cultivated in El Fayoum Governorate of Egypt had the highest effect in A. Niger, III)All tested essential oil samples had antiyeast activity against growth of yeast (S. Cervisiae)
Chamomile oil sample produced from chamomile plants cultivated in Bani Sweif Governorate of Egypt had the highest effect in S. cervisiae, while the produced from chamomile plant cultivated in El Fayoum Governorate of Egypt had the lowest one, Cumin oil sample produced from cumin plant cultivated in, Assiut Governorate of Egypt had the highest effect e in S. cervisiae ,while the other Cumin oil were the lowest, lemongrass oil sample producted from Lemongrass plants cultivated in El Fayoum Governorate of Egypt had the highest effect sample in S. cervisiae, while Lemongrass oil sample produced from, lemongrass plants cultivated in Bani Sweif Governorate of Egypt had the lowest oneIV) Table shows the differences between chamomile oil samples, cumin oil samples and Lemongrass oil samples on various microorganisms growth , Micro-organisms
The highest effect sample the lowest effect sample gram negative bacteria
E. Coli- S.Typhi Cumin oil II
chamomile oil III ( from Assiut )
( from El Menya ) Gram positive bacteria
B. Subtilis- Stap. ’,litmus lemongrass oil II Cumin oil II ( from El Fayoum )
( from Assiut ) Fungi z 1. flarus
Cumin oil III Lemongrass oil III
( from Sohag )( from Bani sweif )
A. Niger Chamomile oil I, II
Cumin oils II, III ( from El Fayoum
(from Assiut and Bani sweif)
Sohag) Yeast S. Cervisiae Lemongrass oil II Lemongrass oil III)( from El Fayoum )( from Bani sweif ).