الفهرس 
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Abstract
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5. SlH-1ARY />K) CONCLUSION
This study wasconducted in sakha Research Experimental Station. Animal
Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture during summerof 1990.
The object of this work was to study the effect of treating rice straw with
3 ~ anhydrous amrooniaand/or supplementing with El-Mufeed on improving the
digestibil ity and nutritive value of the roughage and the performance of
growing lambs (4 to 6 months old) throghout a feeding trial continued for 140
days in three successive periods) 1st period (70 days), 2nd period (42 days)
and 3rd period (28 days) •
Thirty two crossbred lambs ( 75 S Ossimie X 25 S Fimland) were used
in this study. Animals were divided into four nearly similer groups with an
5 average of 21 kg per group. Group.soflambs were randomly assigned to receive
the following experimental rations: A (untreated rice straw MJ 1ib + cone.
mix.) , B (untreated rice straw ad lib + cone. mix. + El-fot.lfeed ), C
(treated rice straw with 3 S ~ ad lib + cone. miX.) and 0 (treated rice
straw with 3 S M-t:! ad lib + cone•• tx. + El-Mufeed ).
The concentrate mixture was offered for all animals at rate of 1 S of L.B.W.
during the 1st period, 1.5 S of L.B.W. during the 2nd period and 2 ” of
L.8.W. during the 3rd period. Whereas, 200 9IR El-fot.lfeed/head/day were given
for lambs fed rations B and 0 throughout the three periods of the feeding
tri a1.
Twodigestibi lity trials were carried out during the feeding trial, one
at the 1st period and the second at the 3rd period to detertlline the
digestibility and feeding values of the experiMfltal rations. 8aIIples of runen
fluid were col1ected frOll three lambs of each group at 30, 60, 90 and 120
days , and blood samples were also collected fral three 1Mbs of each group
every two weeks for analysis • At the end of the feeding trial, three
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representative lambs from each group were slaughtered for carcass test •
Results of this studY could be summarized 8S follows:
1- Ammoniatreatment increased CP content of rice straw from 4.40 to 8.16
” and from 3.05 to 5.78 ” (about 85.5 and 89.5 ” ) during the 111 and 2nd
digestibility trials, respectively. Also, the CP contents of rations C and
o ( containing ammoniated rice straw) were almost higher than those of rations
containing untreated rice straw (A and B) during either 1~ or 2nd trial •
Whereas. the addition of El-Mufeed to the ration tended to dec rase CF and ash
content in both trials.
2- Average digestibility coefficients of D”I , ()iI , CP , EE , CF , and JlFE for
ration A were 62.16, 66.67, 51.14 , 66.62 ,63.68 and 71.21 S during the 1it
digestibility trial and 61.36,64.77 ,49.20 , 53.23 , 56.82 , and 71.66 S in
2nd trial, respectively. Corresponding values for ration Bwere 66.21 , 72.48,
61.42, 68.51, 66.89 and 76.38 S in 1st trial and 61.65, 71.08 ,50.53 , 54.42,
53.31 and 79.05 ” in 2nd one • Values of digestion coefficients for ration C
were 69.33 , 73.12 , 67.86 , 78.42 , 73.21 and
73.57 S during 1st trial and 72.35 , 74.96 , 55.47 , 59.33, 73.28 and
19.45 ” in 2nQ one for OM ,<Jot , CP ,EE , CF and N=’E, respectively •
CorresjX)fldingvalues for ration 0 were 63.87 , 68.97 , 62.69 , 73:55 , 64.82
and 71.80 during 1§1 trial and 74.90 , 77.57 , 67.44 , 55.42 • 72.11 and
82.16 ” during 2nd one • In general. annania treatll8l’lt of rice straw or El-
Mufeedsupplementation improved the apparant digestibi lity of mc>stnutrients
of the experimental rations in both the 1st and 2nd diestibility trials.
3- Average OCPvalues were 4.48, 5.39 ~ 7.07 and &.45 S (ijring the 1n
digestibi 1ity trial and 3.90, 4..32 , 4.22 and 5.66 S in the 2nd tri.l for
rations A, 8, CandO, respectively • .....,i.treat..,t of rice str •• and the
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addi t ion of El-Mufeed to elther treated or untreated rice straw almost
improved OCP~ during both 1st and 2nd trials.
4- Average of feeding values as TONwere 58.40, 63.39, 64.22 and 60.38 ~
in 1st trial and 57.98, 62.04, 64.44 and 66.43 ~ in 2nd one for rations A,
B
t
C and 0, respectively. COrresponding SV values were 42.92, SO.76, 47.32
and 45. 74 ~ in 1st trial and 44.86,50.90, SO.08 and 52.8’ ” in 2nd one •
Ammoniatreatment of rice straw either in the 1st or 2nd digestibility trial
significantly (P<O.OS) improved TONand SV values. Also, addition of
El-Mufeed to untreated rice straw significantly (P<O.OS) improved the feeding
values (~ and SV) • Si.Oar)’. adding El-Mufeed to annoniated rice straw
resul ted in higher feeding values in tenn of TDNand SV throughout the 2ru1
trial t whereas a reverse trend was observed in the 1st one.
5- ArmlOniatreatment of rice straw and El-Mufeed supplementatipon had
better effect on the nutrritive ratio of experimentmtel rations with the low
level of cone. mix. (’” of L.B.w.)than with the high one (2” ofL.S.W.) •
6- Lambs on the four experimental rations either during In or 2QQ
digestibility trial recorded positive nitrogen balance values, especially
with rations containig armoniated rice straw (rations CandO ).
7- The average daily OMintake during the lit feeding period was 0.695,
0.668, 0.803 and 0.739 kg/animal for 1811lbsfed rations A, 8, CandO ,
respectively • Corresponding values were 0.858, 0.802, 1.227 and 1.108 kg
during the 2nd period and 1.026, 1.107, 1.352 and 1.299 kg during the 3rd
period. The overall average dailly IJ4 intake during the entire period was
0.811 , 0.796, 1.041 and 0.962 kg for .,i_15 fed rations A, 8, CandO,
respectively. Generally, ...,ia trea~t of rice str. ttnted to increase
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feed intake, whereas supplementing rice straw with El-Hufeed appeared to
decrease the feed intake.
8- Values of average daily gain at the 1st feeding period were 24.29,
31.43, 32.86 and 54.29 gmfor lambs fed rations A, Bt C and 0, respectively
. The corresponding values were 18.10, 47.62, 78.57 and 95.24 gmat the 2nd
period, and 74.29, 80.36, 101.07 and 117.86 gmat the 3[2 period. Values of
average daily gain for the entire period were 32.43, 46.07, 60.21 and 79.28
gm in the same order • AIrwnoniatreatment of rice straw and/or El-Mufeed
supplementation, almost increased daily gain in all feeding periods.
9- Lambsfed on ration 0 (containing amnoniated rice straw’ + El-Mufeed )
at the 1st feeding period recorded the best feed uti lization values followed
by those fed rations B(untreated rice straw + El~feed ). c (anmoniated rice
straw) and A (untreated rice straw). Whereas, through the 3.01feeding period,
animals fed ration 0 showed the best values followed by those fed rations A,
B and C • Generally , the treatment of rice straw with annania and/or
supplementing the straw with El-Mufeed appeared to improvethe efficiency of
feed utilization.
10- Average measurementsof runinal parameters forlambs fed rations A,B,C and
o were as follOWS:-
.;.. Rationi: Parameters o hr 3 hr 6hr eNerall
It88I’\
pH 6.55 6.18 6.25 6.33
A VFA’s (al eQ/100ml) 5.51 5.39 5.80 5.57
”*’3-N (1I9I100ml ) 21.00 19.00 19.00 20.00
pH 6.82 5.99 6.23 6.35
B VFA’S(.1 eQ/10C11Rl) 4.49 6.05 6.00 5.52
~-N (1Il9I1 00II1) 22.00 35.00 26.00 28.00
pH 6.49 6.30 6.21 6.33
C VFA’S(.1 eq/1001tl) 5.22 5.14 5.70 5.36
~-N (1ft9I100111) 14.00 18.00 17.00 16.00
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o
pH
VFA’S (ml eq!1QOml)
~-N (mg!1QOml)
6.64
4.11
16.00
6.34
5.47
22.00
6.40
5.39
11.00
6.45
4.99
18.00
HoNever , there were no significant differnces in pH, VFA’s and ~-N values
amongall groups due to either amnonia treatment or El-Mufeed supplementat ion.
11- Averages measurement of serum blood for lambs fed rations A,8,C and 0 were:
Items \ Rations A 8 C 0
Total protein(g/1QOml) 7.27 7.33 7.63 7.47
Albumen (g!100ml) 3.23 3.40 3.53 3.20
Globul in (g/100ml) 4.04 3.93 4.07 4.27
A/G ratio 0.80 0.87 0.87 0.14
Urea (mg!1QOml) 36.00 32.0 29.0 33.0
Creatinine (mg/l) 11.90 12.30 13.40 13.00
A1k~i ne phosphatase 7.87 9.63 8.62 7.17
(microgram/100ml)
Amn’lOnia ( microgram/100ml) 12.63 11.68 10.97 11.19
OOT (uint!ml) 82.12 75.00 109.71 103.90
<FT (uint!ml) 23.02 29.11 66.13 162.54
AlMlonia treatment of rice straw and/or El-Mufeed supplementation had no
signi ficant effects on all blood measurments excpet for <FT as lambs fed on
rations
CandO shcMed higher (P<0.05) <FT levels than those fed other rations z,
12- Average dressing percentages, based on fasting body weight, were 54.33,
51.10, 51.58 and 54.32 ” for lambs fed rations A, 8, CandO, respectively •
The differences in dressing percentages due to either ammonia treatment
and !or El-Mufeed supplementation were no significant •
13- Average physical characteristics of carcasses were 17.80 , 16.26, 17.26
and 19.23 aJ as eye IMJscle area; 1.93, 2.43, 2.20 and 2.03 aJ as
tenderness; 6.M ,5.53, 7.33 and 7.13 cJ as ~ and 0.64, 0.64, 0.67 and
0.71 as colour intensity for I18&t of lambs fed rations A, 8, CandO
respectively.
-- ---~--------------------------~
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14-Average values for chemical composition of eye muscle for lambs fed
rations A, B, C and 0 were 72.73 ,73.19 , 73.05 and 72.68~ for moisture;
81.61, 74.21 , 76.92 and 13.78 • for CP ; 12.15 • 20.24, 18.55 and 20.16 for
EE and 5.64, 5.55, •• 53 and 6.06 • for Ash,respectively. Differences in
chemical com~sition 8IIlOfl9 different carcasses due to anvnoniatreatment of
rice straw and/or El~feed supplementation were not significant, except for
EEvalues . Percenatages of EE recorded in meat of lambs fed ration A were
signi ficantly (P<O.05) lower than those determined in meat of all other
treatments. Whereas ,no significant differences in EEvalues were detected
in meat of lambs fed rations B. C or 0 •
15- Average eCOl’lOllicaelfficiency values expressed as the ratio between price
of the weight gain and the cost of feed consuned during the 1st were 1.25,
1.13, 1.59 and 1.82 for lambs fed rations A, S, CandO, respectively.
COrresponding values were 0.74. 1.45, 2.67 and 2.29 during the 2nd period ;
2.36, 1.75. 2.20 and 2.32 during the 3~ period and 1.38. 1.39, 2.16 and 2.13
during the entire period. Results of the enHre period showedthat anmonia
treatment (regardless El~feed supplementatim effect ) improved the
economical efficiency by 56.52 • (ratim C versus ration A ) and 53.23 •
(ration 0 versus ration 8 ) . Whereas. El-+tufeed supplementation (despite of
anmonia treatment) had no effect a1 ec:onc-ical eff;ciency values (1.38 and
1.39 for rations A and B , also 2.16 and 2.13 for rations CandO ,
respectively) •
According to the results obtained fr<:JII the present stud>:, it is
reCOl’l’nendedto use 811111Dniarteicde straw plus El;.lJfeed in the ration of
growing lambs to illlPr0v8body weight and dressing percentage. Moreover such
practice ensure satisfactory body weight gain with hi~ feed efficiency and
low feed costs to procU:e one kg weight gain.