الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Performance Of Productive Efficiency And Egg Quality Of Some
Egyptian Chicken.
This experiment was canied out at poultry Research Farm,
Belonging to Department of Animal Production, Faculty of
Agriculture, Zagazig University, Benha Branch.
It was aimed to determine the possibility of further
improvement of the laying performance and egg quality of three
breeds of chicken. Fayoumi ~Dandarawi as local breeds and Rhode
Island Red. (R.I.R) as foreign breed. Treating birds with thyroid
hormones preparation (thyroxine) or antithyroidal drug (Neomarcazol)
were applied to attain this aim.
A total number of 399 eggs from each divided into three
groups. Eggs of the first group were injected with 1 uglegg eltroxin
while those of the second were injected with 1 uglegg Neo-marcazol.
Eggs of the third groups are considered as controlled injected with
distilled water 1 uglegg . At hatch chicks of the first, second and third
groups were then injected with distilled water, eltroxin and or Neomarcazol
respectively at a rate of 1 ugl chick. repeated at 4 weeks
intervals till the 16 th.week and then at the same interval at level of I
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mg/kg body weight up to the 64 th week of age.
At a short time before sexual maturity, a total number of 84
pullets and 60 cocks from each breed were randomly chosen from the
basal flock. Chosen birds were equally divided into three groups each
of 28 pullets and 20 cocks, and treated as previously mentioned.
Birds of all experimental groups were housed in floor pens
reared under the same managerial and hygienic conditions and fed ad
libitmn on commercial rations. Experimental intervals lasted at the 12
th month after sexual maturity.
Body weight was recorded at sexual maturity and then at
monthly intervals up to the end of the experimental period. Feed
efficiency was calculated for each treatment as Kg ration / Kg egg
produced.
Age at sexual maturity, egg production rate, e~g weight and
o
egg mass were estimated and considered as traits of egg production
performance.
Absolute and relative weights of egg components and egg shell
thickness were estimated as traits of egg quality.
Plasma calcium, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, total protein,
cholesterol and total lipids were monthly determined and for whole
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experimental period.
At the end of the experimental period calcium absorption rate
for each intestinal part was determined in.Dtm in the form of total
calcium absorption and absorption per em intestinal length and per
gram intestinal dry weigh.
Results obtained could be summarized as follows:-
1. Pullets of Rhode Island Red breed had the highest live body
weight averages along the 12 months after sexual maturity.
The lowest averages were observed in pullets of Dandarawi
while Fayoumi pullets had the intermediate averages.
Average body weight was significantly better in birds
treated with Neo-marcazol (1564.34 gm.) when compared
with those treated with thyroxine (1524.85 gm.) or controls
(1550.61 gm.).
2. Dandarawi pullets were the latest to reach sexual maturity
(209.00 days) followed by Fayoumi (203.00 days) then by
Rhode Island Red (177.42 days) ones.
Treating birds with Neo-marcazol altered age at sexual
maturity (198.83 days) when compared with either thyroxine
treated birds (195.17 days) or controls (195.42 days).
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3. Average feed consumption mounted (155 , 153 and 151
gm/day/bird) for birds treated with thyroxine, Neo-marcazol
and control, respectively. Experimental intervals had a high
significant (P<O.00 1) effect on the amount of feed consumed
per pullet per day.
4. Feed efficiency was highest for Fayoumi pullets (0.154) than
for pullets ofR.I.R (0.147) and Dandarawi (0.133 Kg egg! Kg
feed) breeds.
Feed efficiency was significantly higher in pullets
injected with Neo-marcazol (0.153 kg egglkg feed) than those
injected with thyroxine (0.133) or controls one (0.141).
5. Rate of egg production was significantly different among all
the three breed at all experimental intervals. Fayoumi pullets
showed the highest rate of egg production (75.74 %), while
the lowest average was observed in R.I.R pullets (61.35 %).
This rate was (63.74% /hen/day) for Dandarawi .
••
Treating birds with Neo-marcazol increased egg
production rate (68.85 %) when compared with those treated
with thyroxine (65.85 %) or controls (66.0 %).
6. Averages of egg weight were significantly different among the
three breed. The highest average was found in R.I.R
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(55.l3gm.), the lowest was observed in Dandarawi (42.37
gm.),while egg weight in Fayoumi (44.82 gm.) lies in
between.
Treating birds with either thyroxine (47.94 gm.) or Neomarcazol
(47.52 gm.) significantly increased averages of egg
weight when compared with controls (46.85 gm.). The
interactions between each two factors studied were found to
be of highly significant effects on egg weight.
7. The average of egg mass were (11.74,9.38 and 7.99 Kg/hen)
for R.I.R, Fayoumi and Danclarawi breeds, respectively.
Pullet’s breed had highly significant effect on egg mass.
Average egg mass, mostly, increased consistently by
advanced age and its maximwn value occurred during the
peak of egg production. Afterwards it decreased towards the
end of the experimental intervals.
Treating birds 0with either Neo-marcazol (9.82) or
thyroxine (9.77) increased averages of egg mass (kglhen all
over the experimental) when compared with controls (9.52
Kg/hen). Treatments applied was found to had highly
significant effect on egg mass.
8. Egg from R.I.R pullets were recognized with the highest
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(55.l3gm.), the lowest was observed in Dandarawi (42.37
gm.j.while egg weight in Fayoumi (44.82 gm.) lies in
between.
Treating birds with either thyroxine (47.94 gm.) or Neomarcazol
(47.52 gm.)significantly increased averages of egg
weight when compared with controls (46.85 gm.). The
interactions between each two factors studied were found to
be of highly significant effects on egg weight.
7. The average of egg mass were (11.74 , 9.38 and 7.99 Kg/hen)
for R.I.R, Fayoumi and Dandarawi breeds, respectively.
Pullet’s breed had highly significant effect on egg mass.
Average egg mass, mostly, increased consistently by
advanced age and its maximum value occurred during the
peak of egg production. Afterwards it decreased towards the
end of the experimental intervals.
Treating birds. with either Neo-marcazol (9.82) or
thyroxine (9.77) increased averages of egg mass (kg/hen all
over the experimental) when compared with controls (9.52
Kglhen). Treatments applied was found to had highly
significant effect on egg mass.
8. Egg from R.I.R pullets were recognized with the highest
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albumen weight and percent, followed by those laid by
Fayoumi then by Dandarawi ones.
Treating birds with either thyroxine (52.75 %) or Neomarcazol
(52.47 %) increased proportional albumen weight
when compared with controls (52.25 %).
9. The proportional yolk weight was obviously higher in
Fayoumi (35.35 %), lower in R.I.R (31.08 %), while
proportional yolk weight in Dandarawi (35.27 %) lies in
between the two mentioned breeds. The effect of pullet’s
breed on proportional yolk weight was found to be of highly
significantvalue.
Treating birds with Neo-marcazol increased proportional
yolk weight (33.96 %) when compared with thyroxine (33.7
%), or controls (33.96 %) but this difference was not
significant.
10. Pollutes breed had high significant effect on shell percent.
R.LR pullets laid eggs of almost higher absolute ~ell weight
(6.41 gm.) followed by Fayoumi (6.30 gm.) then by
Dandarawi ones (6.04 gm.).
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115
” .
Treating birds with thyroxine increased egg shell
weight(6.47 gm.) when compared with treating them with
Neo-marcazol (6.44 gm.) or controls (6.34 gm.).
Egg shell absolute weight consistently increased with
advanced egg production reaching its maximum value at the 5
th month after which it either remained, approximately y
constant or slightly decreased up to the end of experimental
intervals.
11. Egg from Fayoumi pullets had thicker shell (30.52 nun) than
those of the R.I.R (30.02 nun) and Dandarawi (29.94 mm)
ones.
Treating birds with either Neo-marcazol (30.02 mm) or
thyroxine (30.23 mm) significantly decreased egg shell
thickness when compared with those of controls (30.24 mm).
Highly significant variation in shell thickness was found
in response to the experimental intervals.
12. Fayoumi pullets had mostly y the highest plasma calcium level
averages (17.67 mgldI) followed by Dandarawi (17.60) then
by R.I.R ones (17.58).
Pullets treated with thyroxine had higher plasma calcium
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level (17.73 mg/dl) when compared with those treated with
Neo-marcazol (17.67) or control ones (17.44).
Average plasma calcium level was significantly higher in
males (18.03 mg/elI) than in females (17.20 mg/dl),
13. Dandarawi hens had the highest of plasma inorganic
phosphorus average (3.75 mg/dI) when compared with those
ofR.I.R (3.69) or Fayoumi (3.40).
Treating birds with either thyroxine (3.64 mg/dI) or
Neo-marcazol (3.62) increased averages of plasma inorganic
phosphorus level ~hen compared with those of controls
(3.59).
Female pullets had mostly the highest plasma inorganic
phosphorus level (4.63 mg/dI) than males(2.60 mg/d!).
Experimental intervals showed highly significant
variation in averages of plasma inorganic phosphorus level.
14. blood plasma of R.I.R pullets contained the highest level of
glucose (l77.46mgldI) while the lowest value was observed in
Dandarawi pullets (161.53).Plamaa glucose for Fayoumi
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pullets lies in between the two previously mentioned breeds
(175.10).
Treating hens with Neo-marcazol decreased plasma
glucose (16828 mg/d!). While thyroxine treatment slightly
c increased this level (173.02). The corresponding value for
controls was(172.78). Differences between mean squares of
treatment and control groups were highly significant.
Female pullets showed the highest plasma glucose level
(175.46 mg/dI) than-males (167.27 mg/dI).
15. R.I.R birds had higher plasma total protein level when
compared with the other tow studied breeds (Fayoumi and
Dandarawi). The least square means of plasma total protein
for breed mounted 11.20,11.17 and 11.01 mg/dIforR.I.R,
Fayoumi and Dandarawi birds, respectively.
Treating birds with either thyroxine (11.11) or Neomarcazol
(10.98) slightly and insignificantly decreased
average of plasma total protein level,(mg/dI).
Females had significantly higher plasma total protein
level (I 1.43 mg/dI) than males (10.83 mgldI).
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16. R.I.R birds had higher plasma cholesterol average (340.8
mg/dl) than those of Dandarawi (333.2) or Fayoumi (322.2)
breeds. The effect of pullet’s breed on the average of plasma
cholesterol level was found to be highly significant all over
the experimental intervals,
Treating birds with thyroxine, decreased the level of
plasma cholesterol (322.4) while Neo-marcazol increased this
level (339.7)when compared with controls (334.1 mg/dI).
Plasma cholesterol level for females was significantly
higher (350.56 mg/d!) than males (313.53).
Average plasma cholesterol level consistently increased
after sexual maturity reaching its maximum value of (363.9
mg/elI) at the end of experimental intervals.
Highly significant variation in average plasma
cholesterol level were found due to experimental intervals.
17. Rhode Island Red birds were recognized with higher value of
plasma total lipids (2243.5 mgldI) than those of Fayoumi
(1983.7 or Dandarawi (1953.0 mw’dI).
Treating birds with thyroxine, increased the level of
plasma total lipids (2185.2 mgldI) while Neo-marcazol
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119
decreased this level (l866.9) when compared with controls
(2128.1).
Experimental intervals showed highly significant
variation in average plasma totailipids.
18. The higher value of total calcium absorption was recorded in
Dandarawi hens (29.07 mglhr) followed by Fayoumi (28.58
mglhr) then by hens ofR.I.R breed (27.24 mg/hr).
Treating hens with thyroxine or Neo-marcazol slightly
decreased average of total calcium absorption (mg/hr). Total
calcium absorption weighed (28.18. 28.17 and 28.54) for
thyroxine, Neo-marcazol and control groups, respectively.
19. The higher value of rate of calcium absorption per gm dry
matter per hr was observed in Dandarawi (25.14 mglhr), the
lower in R.I.R (17.12 mg/hr). This value was (22.35 mg/hr) in
Fayomni.
Total calcium absorption (mgIhr) through ileum (35.93)
was significantly higher than that through jejunum (35.48) and
duodenwn (13.12). Highly significant variation were found in
total calcium absorption due to different intestinal parts .
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D 120
. Pullets injected with Neo-marcazol had higher calcium
absorption per gm dry matter per hour (21.95) than those
injected with thyroxine (21.21). This value was (21.46) in
control hens.
Males had mostly the highest rate of calcium absorption
(per dry matter(23.98 mg/g/hr)when compared with Females
(19.09mg/g/hr).
20. calcium absorption per em of small intestinal length per
hour(mg/cm/hr) was higher in Dandarawi (0.962) followed by
Fayoumi (0.958) then by hens ofR.I.R (0.949).
Injecting hens with thyroxine or Neo-marcazol increased
average of calcium absorption per cm length of small
intestine. This averages mounted 1.021, 0.948 and 0.901
mg/cmIhr for thyroxine , Neo-marcazol and control,
respectively.
The greatest values of calcium absorption rate
(mglcmlhr) attained through ileum (1.355) follOwedby that
throughjejunum (0.851) and duodenum (0.663).
Males of hens had slightly insignificanthigher calcium
absorption rate per em length (0.974) than females (0.939
mglcmIhr).