الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This investigation was carried out during two successive seasons of 2004 /2005 and 2005/2006 at the Experimental Station of Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor , Benha University to investigate the effects of plant extracts of Aloe and garlic and bio, organic fertilizers with their interactions on vegetative growth, flowering, roots system , seed oil content and chemical composition of Oenothera biennis plants.
The investigation included three parts, the first was dealing with the response of plants to foliar sprays with Aloe and garlic extracts at three concentrations 25 , 50 and 75% as follows:
1-Control (sprayed with a distilled water).
2-Aloe extract (25 %, 50% and 75%)
3-Garlic extract (25 %, 50% and 75%)
The second part was carried out to investigate the response of Oenothera plant growth to addition of bio-fertilizers ( Biogene, Phosphorine and Potassiumage) at 30, 40 and 50 g/plant), the area of each plot was 3m2 and containing 12 plants as the treatments were as follows:
1-Control
2-[Cattle manure (CM)] at rate of 10 m3 / fed / season ( 710 cm3 / plot/ season)
3-
30 g/m2 Biogeine = N1
4-40g Biogeine= N2
5-
50 g/m2 Biogeine=N3
6-30 g/m2 Phosphorine =P 1
7-
40 g/m2 Phosphorine =P2
8-50 g/m2 Phosphorine= P3
9-
30 g/m2 Potassiumag=K1
10-40 g/m2 Potassiumag= K2
Summary
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11-50 g/m2 Potassiumag= K3 12- Ni + P1 + K1
13- N2 +P2 + K2 14- N3 +P3 +K3
The third part was dealing with the response of Oenothera plants to sprays of Aloe or garlic extracts at 25, 50 and 75% and addition of bio-fertilizers at 30, 40 and 50g/plot.
All sprays began after one month from transplanting (November) and reported every 3 weeks for the two seasons.
( Aloe = A)
1- 25% of A+ (N1 +P1- K1) 3- 25% of A +(N3 +P3 +K3) 5-50% of A +( N2 +P2 +K2) 7-75% of A+(N1 +P1+1(1) 9- 75% of A +( N3 +P3 +K3)
(Garlic = G)
1- 25% of G+ (N1 +P1+K1) 3- 25% of G +(N3 +P3 AO) 5-50% of G +( N2 +P2 4-1(2) 7-75% of G+(N1 +Pl+Kl)
9- 75% of G +( N3 +P3 +K3)
2- 25% of A +(N2 +P2 +K2) 4- 50% of A +(N1 +Pl+Kl) 6- 50% of A +( N3 +P3 +1(3) 8-75% of A +( N2 +P2 +K2)
2- 25% of G +(N2 +P2 +K2) 4- 50% of G+(N1 +Pl+Kl) 6- 50% of G +( N3 +P3 +K3) 8-75% of G +( N2 +P2 +K2)
(Organic =Cattle manure = CM)
1- Organic +(N 1 +Pl+Kl)
3- Organic +( N3 +P3 +1(3) The important results summarized as follows
2- Organic +( N2 +P2 +K2) which were obtained can be
First part: (1)Vegetative parameters:
Increasing the concentration of plant extracts (Aloe —garlic) from 25 to 50 % insignificantly increased plant height, branch number, leaf number , fresh and dry weight of leaves, fresh and dry weight of stems of Oenothera biennis at vegetative stage as compared to control plant . While, increasing the concentration of plant extract to 75% significantly promoted Oenothera growth and produced the highest values of these parameters. On the other saide, garlic extract was more effective in stimulating Oenothera growth and produced the maximum response in this respect. (2)Flowering parameters:
Spraying Oenothera plants with plant extracts (Aloe —garlic) at the different concentrations significantly increased number of flowers, flowers fresh & dry weights, capsule number, fresh & dry weight of capsules as compared with untreated plants in both seasons.
Increasing garlic extract up to 75% increased the values in this concern comparing to the other concentrations of garlic or Aloe extracts in both seasons. (3)Seeds yield:
Spraying Oenothera plants with Aloe or garlic extracts increased seed yield, the maximum value was found with the highest concentration of garlic (75%).
(4) Chemical composition:
Spraying Aloe or garlic extracts at 75% produced the favorable responses for carbohydrates accumulation in both seasons. While , spraying Aloe extract at 75% increased nitrogen content to the maximum values in both seasons and protein synthesis was increased on parallel with nitrogen synthesis in Oenothera seeds.
Spraying aloe extract at 75% significantly increased potassium content as the next value was with garlic extract at 75%.
Total lipids and fixed oil were gradually increased with increaseing the concentrations of both Aloe or garlic extracts the maximum content were showed with 75% of Aloe and garlic extracts.
GLC analysis of methylated fatty acid of Oenothera biennis indicated that in control plants , linolic acid was the main fatty acid and accounted by 49.65%, oleic acid (18.65%) more than palmatic acid (10.21%) and linolenic acid (8.02%) of total fatty acids. The total saturated fatty acids accounted 15.79% while, unsaturated one reached 76.32% from total fatty acids.
Application of plant extracts (Aloe — garlic) increased the linolic content, palmatic , oleic and linolenic acid. These fatty acids were increased with increasing the concentration of plant extracts up to 75% while, saturated fatty acids decreased .
However, the unsaturated fatty acids increased as a result of application of plant extracts to Oenothera plants.
The second part: (1)Vegetative parameters:
Increasing bio-fertilizers concentration up to 50g/plot significantly promoted Oenothera growth and produced the highest values of plant height , branch number, leaf number , fresh & dry weight of leaves, fresh and dry weight of stems of Oenothera biennis at vegetative stage. However, biogeine was more effective for stimulating Oenothera growth than other bio-fertilizers as 50g of biogeine gave the maximum response in this respect. (2)Flowering parameters:
Increasing phosphorine up to 50g/plot or the mixture of N3+P3+K3 increased the values of number of flowers, flowers fresh & dry weight, capsule number, capsules fresh & dry weight over all other treatments in both seasons. However, the mixture of N3+P3+K3 produced the maximum values as compared with any treatment or any concentration. (3)Seeds yield:
Increasing bio-fertilizers concentration resulted in gradual increments in seed yields as maximum value was found with the highest concentration of potassiumage (50g/plot). (4)Chemical composition:
Concentration of bio-fertilizers up to 50g/plot realized the favorable response for the carbohydrates accumulation in both seasons.
The high concentration of biofertilizers gave the highest total protein and the production of protein was parallel with nitrogen biosynthesis as a result of biofertilizers application.
Total lipids percentage increased with the application of phosphorine (P3) and mixture of N3+P3+K3.
Increasing the concentration up to 50g/plot biofertilizers increased the accumulation of fixed oil in seed of Oenothera plants in both seasons.
Application of biofertilizers increased the liolenic acid , palmatic acid ,oleic acid and linolenic acid contents . Saturated fatty acids decreased with the addition of biogen at 30g , biogen at 40g and biogen at 50g . Also adding the mixture of N1 +P2+k 1 , N2+P2+K2 and N3+P3+K3 decreased the amount of saturated fatty acids . However , the unsaturated fatty acids increased according to adding those biofertilizers The third part: (1) Vegetative parameters:
Duplex treatment of spraying plant extracts (Aloe-garlic) with adding bio-fertilizer increased most vegetative parameters. Increasing biofertilizers concentration up to 50g/plot significantly increased Oenothera growth and produced the highest values of plant height, branch number , leaf number, leaves fresh & dry weight, stem fresh & dry weight and root fresh & dry weight . However, the spraying Oenothera plant with 75% garlic extracts and fertilized with N3+P3+K3 produced the maximum response in this respect in both seasons.
(2)Flowering parameters:
Duplex treatment of addition biofertilizers then spraying with Aloe or garlic extracts increased all Oenothera flowering parameters and increasing the concentration of extracts or biofertilizers significantly increase number of flowers, flowers fresh & dry weight. The maximum values were shown with 75% garlic extract in both seasons and fertilizing with N3+P3+K3 (3)Seeds yield
Application of duplex treatments of spraying Aloe or garlic extracts at 25,50 and 75% then adding biofertilizers with 30, 40 or 50 g/plot increased seed yield. The maximum values were found with the maximum rate of addition . However, spraying Aloe extract at 75% produced the highest seed yield in both seasons (4)Chemical composition:
Duplex treatment of aloe or garlic spraying and adding the different rates of biofertilizers (30 , 40 and 50g/plot) increased the carbohydrates accumulation in Oenothera leaves in both seasons. However, increasing the Aloe concentration up to 75% recorded the most favorable response in both seasons.