الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Every year several oil spills occur around the world, and these
oil spills ultimately contaminate the soil. The accidental cases
during transportation and defects in the pipe lines may cause
some contamination to the soils. Moreover, large quantities of
oil-contaminated sands may result from exploded oil wells,
burning oil fires, the destruction of oil storage tanks, and the
formation of oil lakes. Leakage of oil into the soil may occur due
to several reasons. This leakage results in the formation of soil
layer mixed with oil.
The mechanical soil properties as weJl as the physical properties
may be influenced by the leaked oil. The mechanical properties
include compressibility, shear strength and permeability. The
main objective of this thesis is to provide the influences of the
type of oil, oil viscosity, and different relative soil densities on
soil compressibility, shear strength, and permeability.
To investigate compressibility, shear strength and permeability
parameters for oil contaminated sandy soi I, an extensive testing
program is carried out in the Geotechnical Engineering
Laboratory, Ain Shams University, Cairo Egypt. The oil byproducts
used in the testing program are kerosene, solar, and
used oil.
Contaminated specimens are prepared by rruxmg sand having
different relative densities (20, 50 and 80%) with oil of different
viscosities (2.76, 6.31 and 319), using different oil percentages
(2%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) by weight.
Consolidation tests were carried out on the prepared oil
contaminated sand samples. The results obtained from the
testing program are analyzed and discussed. The effects of oil
viscosity, together with its percentage on the sloughing, soimodulus of elasticity and the compression index were studied
and presented. Oil contamination resulted in increased soil
compressibility. This is evident from the decreased soil modulus
and the increased compression index as determined from. the
consolidation tests. The effect is directly proportional to the oil
viscosity.
For Direct Shear Tests, it can be seen that the shear strength
parameters for sand-oil mixes vary with the oil content in the
same trend for the different types of oils used. The friction angle
generally decreases with oil contamination with the maximum
reduction occurring with heavy crude oil. This reduction is
noticeable at all relative densities from loose to dense
conditions. For permeability tests, the results indicate reduction
in permeability with oil contamination. Finally, the general
conclusions of the research are pointed out